{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T13:57:08Z","timestamp":1791986228848,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:italic>, the causative agent of the diarrhoeal disease cholera, survives in aquatic environments. The bacterium has developed a survival strategy to grow and survive inside<jats:italic>Acanthamoeba castellanii<\/jats:italic>. It has been shown that<jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>expresses outer membrane proteins as virulence factors playing a role in the adherence to interacted host cells. This study examined the role of outer membrane protein A (OmpA) and outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) in survival of<jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>alone and during its interaction with<jats:italic>A. castellanii<\/jats:italic>. The results showed that an<jats:italic>OmpA<\/jats:italic>mutant of<jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>survived longer than wild-type<jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>when cultivated alone. Cocultivation with<jats:italic>A. castellanii<\/jats:italic>enhanced the survival of both bacterial strains and<jats:italic>OmpA<\/jats:italic>protein exhibited no effect on attachment, engulfment, and survival inside the amoebae. However, cocultivation of the<jats:italic>OmpA<\/jats:italic>mutant of<jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>decreased the viability of<jats:italic>A. castellanii<\/jats:italic>and this bacterial strain released more OMVs than wild-type<jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>. Surprisingly, treatment of amoeba cells with OMVs isolated from the<jats:italic>OmpA<\/jats:italic>mutant significantly decreased viable counts of the amoeba cells. In conclusion, the results might highlight a regulating rule for<jats:italic>OmpA<\/jats:italic>in survival of<jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>and OMVs as a potent virulence factor for this bacterium towards eukaryotes in the environment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/610190","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]],"date-time":"2014-04-01T21:04:03Z","timestamp":1396386243000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Lack of Outer Membrane Protein A Enhances the Release of Outer Membrane Vesicles and Survival of<i>Vibrio cholerae<\/i>and Suppresses Viability of<i>Acanthamoeba castellanii<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2014","author":[{"given":"Soni Priya","family":"Valeru","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Microbiology F 82, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, 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