{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T02:50:00Z","timestamp":1771901400450,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Objective<\/jats:italic>. Over the last few years, a wide number of unregulated substances have been marketed on the Web and in smart and head shops; they are usually advertised as legal alternatives to commonly known drugs and are defined as \u201csmart drugs,\u201d \u201clegal highs,\u201d and \u201cnovel psychoactive substances\u201d (NPS). Aim of our work is to describe use habits and distribution of NPS in a population of young adults in Rome club scene.<jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. A self-administered questionnaire was proposed to subjects over 18 years of age at the entrance of 5 nightclubs in Rome. Socioeconomic characteristics and substance use were investigated.<jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. Preliminary results give evidence that 78% of respondents have a lifetime history of NPS use. In addition, 56% of the sample has consumed illicit drugs in the past and 39% has used psychoactive substances in the 12 hours preceding the questionnaire administration.<jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>. A significant proportion of subjects report use of novel psychoactive substances; traditional illicit drugs consumption, particularly cocaine, appears to be very high as well in the club scene. These data highlight a serious public health challenge, since pharmacological, toxicological, and psychopathological effects linked to interactions among all these substances may be unpredictable and sometimes fatal in vulnerable individuals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/617546","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,28]],"date-time":"2014-08-28T17:02:40Z","timestamp":1409245360000},"page":"1-5","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Substance Use in the Club Scene of Rome: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2014","author":[{"given":"Alessandro Emiliano","family":"Vento","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Asl RMC, Osservatorio sulle Dipendenze e sui Disturbi Psichici Sotto Soglia, 00100 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Martinotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University \u201cG.d\u2019Annunzio\u201d, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Cinosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University \u201cG.d\u2019Annunzio\u201d, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3183-0096","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Matteo","family":"Lupi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University \u201cG.d\u2019Annunzio\u201d, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tiziano","family":"Acciavatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University \u201cG.d\u2019Annunzio\u201d, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dario","family":"Carrus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asl VT, Osservatorio sulle Dipendenze e sui Disturbi Psichici Sotto Soglia, 00100 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1377-9183","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rita","family":"Santacroce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University \u201cG.d\u2019Annunzio\u201d, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Chillemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Libera Universit\u00e0 Maria SS. Assunta, 00100 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5746-1786","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ludovica","family":"Bonifaci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Libera Universit\u00e0 Maria SS. Assunta, 00100 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"di Giannantonio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University \u201cG.d\u2019Annunzio\u201d, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ornella","family":"Corazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Herts SG13, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Schifano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Herts SG13, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.68.6.541"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09687630701267366"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16066350412331323083"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/0090-4481-20020901-07"},{"key":"7","series-title":"A Report from the Global SMART Programme","year":"2013"},{"key":"8","year":"2012"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.2299"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.1242"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e3181612cdc"},{"issue":"1","key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881113513852","volume":"28","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881105056660"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10826080802543580"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1465-3362.2012.00494.x"},{"key":"18","first-page":"49","volume":"238","year":"2011","journal-title":"MixMag"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcs107"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000346678"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hct183"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2009.09.014"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1747-597X-6-18"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000346678"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.203"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61781-X"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61530-5"},{"key":"28","first-page":"137","volume":"3","year":"2011","journal-title":"Drugs and Alcohol Today"}],"container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2014\/617546.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2014\/617546.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2014\/617546.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,22]],"date-time":"2017-06-22T15:33:10Z","timestamp":1498145590000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2014\/617546\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"references-count":24,"alternative-id":["617546","617546"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2014\/617546","relation":{},"ISSN":["2314-6133","2314-6141"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2314-6133","type":"print"},{"value":"2314-6141","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014]]}}}