{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T12:27:54Z","timestamp":1788870474246,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Swedish Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005689","name":"Medical Society of G\u00f6teborg","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005689","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Swedish Association against Rheumatism"},{"name":"King Gustaf V:s 80-year Foundation"},{"name":"University of G\u00f6teborg"},{"name":"Family Th\u00f6len and Kristlers Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mediators of Inflammation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Smoking deregulates neuroendocrine responses to pain supporting production of neuropeptide Y (NpY) by direct stimulation of nicotinic receptors or by inhibiting adipokine leptin. Present study addressed the effect of cigarette smoking on adipokines and pain parameters, in 62 women with fibromyalgia (FM) pain syndrome with unknown etiology. Pain was characterized by a visual analogue scale, tender point (TP) counts, pressure pain threshold, and neuroendocrine markers NpY and substance P (sP). Levels of IGF-1, leptin, resistin, visfatin, and adiponectin were measured in blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Current smokers\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                      <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi>\n                      <mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mn>18<\/mml:mn>\n                      <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mml:mo>\n                    <\/mml:math>\n                    had lower levels of leptin compared to ex-smokers (\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n                      <mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi>\n                      <mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mn>25<\/mml:mn>\n                    <\/mml:math>\n                    ,\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\">\n                      <mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi>\n                      <mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mn>0.002<\/mml:mn>\n                    <\/mml:math>\n                    ), while the expected NpY increase was absent in FM patients. In smokers, this was transcribed in higher VAS-pain\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\">\n                      <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi>\n                      <mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mn>0.04<\/mml:mn>\n                      <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mml:mo>\n                    <\/mml:math>\n                    and TP count\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\">\n                      <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi>\n                      <mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mn>0.03<\/mml:mn>\n                      <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mml:mo>\n                    <\/mml:math>\n                    , lower pain threshold\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\">\n                      <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi>\n                      <mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mn>0.01<\/mml:mn>\n                      <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mml:mo>\n                    <\/mml:math>\n                    , since NpY levels were directly related to the pain threshold (\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\">\n                      <mml:mtext>rho<\/mml:mtext>\n                      <mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mn>0.414<\/mml:mn>\n                    <\/mml:math>\n                    ) and inversely related to TP counts (\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M8\">\n                      <mml:mtext>rho<\/mml:mtext>\n                      <mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mo>-<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mn>0.375<\/mml:mn>\n                    <\/mml:math>\n                    ). This study shows that patients with FM have no increase of NpY levels in response to smoking despite the low levels of leptin. Deregulation of the balance between leptin and neuropeptide Y may be one of the essential mechanisms of chronic pain in FM.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/627041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,14]],"date-time":"2014-08-14T18:11:46Z","timestamp":1408039906000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Smoking is Associated with Reduced Leptin and Neuropeptide Y Levels and Higher Pain Experience in Patients with Fibromyalgia"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2014","author":[{"given":"Maria I.","family":"Bokarewa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of G\u00f6teborg, P.O. Box 480, 405 30 G\u00f6teborg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malin C.","family":"Erlandsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of G\u00f6teborg, P.O. Box 480, 405 30 G\u00f6teborg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3538-1240","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jan","family":"Bjersing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of G\u00f6teborg, P.O. 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