{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:19:20Z","timestamp":1787163560263,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,16]],"date-time":"2014-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1416096000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005790","name":"Thammasat University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005790","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Research University Project of Thailand"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012527","name":"Office of the Higher Education Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012527","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Thai Traditional Medical Knowledge Fund"},{"name":"Department of Thai Traditional and Alternative Medicine, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Scholarly Research Notices"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,16]]},"abstract":"\n Zingiber cassumunar<\/jats:italic>\n Roxb. has been used for traditional medicine, but few studies have described its potential toxicity. In this study, the acute and chronic oral toxicity of\n Z. cassumunar<\/jats:italic>\n extract granules were evaluated in Sprague-Dawley rats. The extract at a single dose of 5000\u2009mg\/kg body weight did not produce treatment related signs of toxicity or mortality in any of the animals tested during the 14-day observation period. However, a decrease in body weights was observed in treated males\n \n (<\/mml:mo>\n P<\/mml:mi>\n <<\/mml:mo>\n 0.05<\/mml:mn>\n )<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:math>\n . The weights of lung and kidney of treated females were increased\n \n (<\/mml:mo>\n P<\/mml:mi>\n <<\/mml:mo>\n 0.05<\/mml:mn>\n )<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:math>\n . Treated males were increased in spleen and epididymis weights\n \n (<\/mml:mo>\n P<\/mml:mi>\n <<\/mml:mo>\n 0.05<\/mml:mn>\n )<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:math>\n . In repeated dose 270-day oral toxicity study, the administration of the extracts at concentrations of 0.3, 3, 30, 11.25, 112.5, and 1,125\u2009mg\/kg body weight\/day revealed no-treatment toxicity. Although certain endpoints among those monitored (i.e., organ weight, hematological parameters, and clinical chemistry) exhibited statistically significant effects, none was adverse. Gross and histological observations revealed no toxicity. Our findings suggest that the\n Z. cassumunar<\/jats:italic>\n extract granules are well tolerated for both single and chronic administration. The oral no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for the extract was 1,125\u2009mg\/kg body weight\/day for males and females.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/632608","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,16]],"date-time":"2014-11-16T16:03:51Z","timestamp":1416153831000},"page":"1-14","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Safety Evaluation of\n Zingiber cassumunar<\/i>\n Roxb. Rhizome Extract: Acute and Chronic Toxicity Studies in Rats"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2014","author":[{"given":"Sittichai","family":"Koontongkaew","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Paholyothin Road, Klongluang, Pathumthani 12121, Thailand"},{"name":"Medicinal Herb Research Unit for Asthma, Thammasat University, Phaholyothin Road, Klongluang, Pathumthani 12121, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Orapan","family":"Poachanukoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicinal Herb Research Unit for Asthma, Thammasat University, Phaholyothin Road, Klongluang, Pathumthani 12121, Thailand"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Paholyothin Road, Klongluang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seewaboon","family":"Sireeratawong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Paholyothin Road, Klongluang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thaweephol","family":"Dechatiwongse Na Ayudhya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Paholyothin Road, Klongluang, Pathumthani 12121, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parirat","family":"Khonsung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Chiangmai University, Chiangmai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kanjana","family":"Jaijoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Chiangmai University, Chiangmai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruedee","family":"Soawakontha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Huachiew Chalermprakiet University, Bangna-Trad Road, Bang Phli, Samut Prakan 10540, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monraudee","family":"Chanchai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Si Ayutthaya Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","year":"1992"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/CH9790071"},{"issue":"3","key":"3","first-page":"75","volume":"18","year":"1976","journal-title":"Bulletin of the Department of Medical Sciences"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1515\/znc-1980-1-229","volume":"35","year":"1980","journal-title":"Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung Section C, Biosciences"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.28.2948"},{"issue":"4","key":"6","first-page":"1","volume":"15","year":"1973","journal-title":"Bullitin of the Department of Medical Sciences"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-4039(00)79944-8"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02660721"},{"issue":"1","key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1246\/cl.1993.189","volume":"22","year":"1993","journal-title":"Chemical Letters"},{"issue":"1","key":"10","first-page":"1","volume":"36","year":"1984","journal-title":"Siriraj Hospital Gazette"},{"issue":"6","key":"11","first-page":"435","volume":"37","year":"1985","journal-title":"Siriraj Hospital Gazette"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(03)00098-9"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.39.2353"},{"issue":"4","key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/S0944-7113(97)80003-7","volume":"3","year":"1997","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/S0944-7113(97)80004-9","volume":"3","year":"1997","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1254\/jjp.75.363"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-962729"},{"key":"18","first-page":"13","volume":"21","year":"1979","journal-title":"Bulletin of the Department of Medical Sciences"},{"issue":"6","key":"19","first-page":"413","volume":"38","year":"1986","journal-title":"Siriraj Hospital Gazette"},{"key":"20","year":"1990"},{"key":"21","year":"1995"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12033"},{"key":"23","year":"2000"},{"key":"24","volume-title":"Test guideline 425. Acute oral toxicity-up-and-down-procedure (UDP)","year":"2001"},{"key":"25","volume-title":"Test guideline 425. Chronic toxicity studies","year":"1981"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ecam\/nem096"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0944-7113(97)80069-4"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-961309"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(02)00338-4"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2007.12.008"},{"issue":"3","key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.2550060302","volume":"6","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Toxicology"},{"key":"32","year":"2010"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/096032719601500802"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5483\/BMBRep.2003.36.4.373"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/608284"}],"container-title":["International Scholarly Research Notices"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/archive\/2014\/632608.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/archive\/2014\/632608.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/archive\/2014\/632608.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,9]],"date-time":"2020-12-09T13:43:45Z","timestamp":1607521425000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/isrn\/2014\/632608\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,16]]},"references-count":35,"alternative-id":["632608","632608"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2014\/632608","relation":{},"ISSN":["2356-7872"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2356-7872","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,16]]}}}