{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T11:41:47Z","timestamp":1778758907330,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Rome Tor Vergata","award":["20073RH73W003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20073RH73W003"]}]},{"name":"MIUR PRIN","award":["20073RH73W003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20073RH73W003"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Alteration in the humoral immune response has been observed during HIV infection. The polymorphisms of enhancer HS1,2, member of the 3\u2032 regulatory region of the Ig heavy chain cluster, may play a role in the variation of the humoral response leading to pathological conditions. To assess the role of the HS1,2 polymorphic variants in the progression of AIDS, the HS1,2-A allelic frequencies were investigated in a cohort of HIV infected pediatric subjects from a nosocomial outbreak with a monophyletic strain of HIV. From a total group of 418 HIV infected children in the outbreak cohort, 42 nonprogressors and 31 progressors without bias due to antiretroviral therapy were evaluated. HS1,2 allele *1 has been associated with nonprogressors (allelic frequency: 51.19% versus 33.87% in progressors, OR 0.5, and<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.0437<\/mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mml:mo><\/mml:math>, while allele *2 has been associated with progression (allelic frequency: 48.39% versus 30.95% in nonprogressors, OR 2.1, and<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.0393<\/mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mml:mo><\/mml:math>. Further, only subjects carrying allele *2 in absence of allele *1, either in homozygous condition for allele *2 [nonprogressors 2\/42 (4.76%), Progressors 7\/31 (22.58%), OR 5.8, and<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.0315<\/mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">]<\/mml:mo><\/mml:math>or in combination with other allelic variants [nonprogressors 7\/42 (16.67%), Progressors 13\/31 (41.93%), OR 3.61, and<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.0321<\/mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">]<\/mml:mo><\/mml:math>, have been associated with HIV progression to AIDS. In conclusion, while the HS1,2 allele *1 has a protective effect on HIV progression when present, allele *2 is associated with progression toward AIDS when allele *1 is absent.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/637523","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,20]],"date-time":"2014-05-20T17:15:15Z","timestamp":1400606115000},"page":"1-5","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["HS1,2 Ig Enhancer Alleles Association to AIDS Progression in a Pediatric Cohort Infected with a Monophyletic HIV-Strain"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2014","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9865-6619","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Carla","family":"Montesano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata,\u201d 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2607-2080","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Giambra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata,\u201d 00133 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 1L3"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Domenico","family":"Frezza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata,\u201d 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Palma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Department of Pediatrics, DPUO, Unit of Immune and Infectious Diseases, Children\u2019s Hospital \u201cBambino Ges\u00f9,\u201d 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4582-9731","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Eliseo","family":"Serone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Mario Negri Sud, 66030 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guido Castelli","family":"Gattinara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Training Unit, Children\u2019s Hospital \u201cBambino Ges\u00f9,\u201d 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Mattei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata,\u201d 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Mancino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Pietro Fatebenefratelli Hospital, 00189 Rome, 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