{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T16:07:07Z","timestamp":1761581227991},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background and Aim. Leptospira<\/jats:italic>, the causal agent of leptospirosis, has been isolated from the environment, patients, and wide spectrum of animals in Russia. However, the genetic diversity of<jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>in natural and anthropurgic foci was not clearly defined.<jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. The recent MLST scheme was used for the analysis of seven pathogenic species. 454 pyrosequencing technology was the base of the whole genome sequencing (WGS).<jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. The most wide spread and prevalent<jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>species in Russia were<jats:italic>L. interrogans, L. kirschneri,<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>L. borgpetersenii<\/jats:italic>. Five STs, common for Russian strains: 37, 17, 199, 110, and 146, were identified as having a longtime and ubiquitous distribution in various geographic areas. Unexpected properties were revealed for the environmental<jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>strain Bairam-Ali. WGS of this strain genome suggested that it combined the features of the pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains and may be a reservoir of the natural resistance genes. Results of the comparative analysis of<jats:italic>rrs<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>rpoB<\/jats:italic>genes and MLST loci for different<jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>species strains and phenotypic and serological properties of the strain Bairam-Ali suggested that it represented separate<jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>species.<jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>. Thus, the natural and anthropurgic foci supported ubiquitous<jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>species and the pool of genes important for bacterial adaptivity to various conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/649034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,2]],"date-time":"2014-09-02T21:01:20Z","timestamp":1409691680000},"page":"1-15","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The Characteristics of Ubiquitous and Unique<i>Leptospira<\/i>Strains from the Collection of Russian Centre for Leptospirosis"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2014","author":[{"given":"Olga L.","family":"Voronina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"N.F. Gamaleya Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Gamaleya Street 18, Moscow 123098, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marina S.","family":"Kunda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N.F. Gamaleya Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Gamaleya Street 18, Moscow 123098, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ekaterina I.","family":"Aksenova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N.F. Gamaleya Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Gamaleya Street 18, Moscow 123098, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalia N.","family":"Ryzhova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N.F. Gamaleya Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Gamaleya Street 18, Moscow 123098, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrey N.","family":"Semenov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N.F. 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