{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T22:14:00Z","timestamp":1767651240610,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Applied Mathematics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents backstepping controller design for tracking purpose of nonlinear system. Since the performance of the designed controller depends on the value of control parameters, gravitational search algorithm (GSA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) techniques are used to optimise these parameters in order to achieve a predefined system performance. The performance is evaluated based on the tracking error between reference input given to the system and the system output. Then, the efficacy of the backstepping controller is verified in simulation environment under various system setup including both the system subjected to external disturbance and without disturbance. The simulation results show that backstepping with particle swarm optimization technique performs better than the similar controller with gravitational search algorithm technique in terms of output response and tracking error.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/679435","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,14]],"date-time":"2014-04-14T17:04:32Z","timestamp":1397495072000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Performance Comparison of Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm to the Designed of Controller for Nonlinear System"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2014","author":[{"given":"Sahazati","family":"Md Rozali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Control System and Automation, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, 76100 Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohd","family":"Fua\u2019ad Rahmat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Control and Mechatronics Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3658-2933","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Abdul Rashid","family":"Husain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Control and Mechatronics Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/v10006-007-0007-2"},{"year":"1995","key":"1"},{"year":"2002","key":"3"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0957-4158(03)00064-3"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conengprac.2009.02.011"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.2004.1413"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-1098(00)00116-3"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfranklin.2005.09.003"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conengprac.2005.05.003"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2013.07.012"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2007.11.005"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ast.2008.05.002"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-cta.2008.0270"},{"issue":"4","key":"28","first-page":"791","volume":"8","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics"},{"issue":"1","key":"30","first-page":"21","volume":"9","year":"2012","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Fuzzy Systems"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2012.01.011"},{"year":"2007","key":"31"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2009.03.004"}],"container-title":["Journal of Applied Mathematics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jam\/2014\/679435.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jam\/2014\/679435.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jam\/2014\/679435.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,18]],"date-time":"2016-08-18T19:15:21Z","timestamp":1471547721000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/jam\/2014\/679435\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"references-count":18,"alternative-id":["679435","679435"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2014\/679435","relation":{},"ISSN":["1110-757X","1687-0042"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1110-757X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1687-0042"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014]]}}}