{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T12:49:46Z","timestamp":1740142186666,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Scientific World Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The purpose of this study is to identify whether or not different materials of softball bats (wooden, aluminum, and composite) are a potential risk harm to hearing when batting players strike a 12\u2032\u2032 core .40 softball during slow, underhand pitch typical of recreational games. Peak sound pressure level measurements and spectral analyses were conducted for three controlled softball pitches to a batting participant using each of the different bat materials in an unused outdoor playing field with regulation distances between the pitcher\u2019s mound and batter\u2019s box. The results revealed that highest recorded peak sound pressure level was recorded from the aluminum (124.6\u2009dBC) bat followed by the composite (121.2\u2009dBC) and wooden (120.0\u2009dBC) bats. Spectral analysis revealed composite and wooden bats with similar broadly distributed amplitude-frequency response. The aluminum bat also produced a broadly distributed amplitude-frequency response, but there were also two very distinct peaks at around 1700\u2009Hz and 2260\u2009Hz above the noise floor that produced its ringing (or ping) sound after being struck. Impulse (transient) sounds less than 140\u2009dBC may permit multiple exposures, and softball bats used in a recreational slow pitch may pose little to no risk to hearing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/702723","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,20]],"date-time":"2014-03-20T17:03:40Z","timestamp":1395335020000},"page":"1-4","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impulse Noise: Can Hitting a Softball Harm Your Hearing?"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2014","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3094-6783","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Korrine","family":"Cook","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Audiology and Speech Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, 2801 South University Avenue, Little Rock, AR 72204, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samuel R.","family":"Atcherson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Audiology and Speech Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, 2801 South University Avenue, Little Rock, AR 72204, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"1","first-page":"130","volume":"30","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Sport Behavior"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15459624.2010.510107"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15459624.2012.736341"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.060789"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1463-1741.73995"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15459624.2012.736340"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.a2835"},{"issue":"9","key":"9","first-page":"2749","volume":"61","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Family Physician"},{"issue":"20","key":"10","first-page":"63","volume":"5","year":"2003","journal-title":"Noise and Health"}],"container-title":["The Scientific World Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/tswj\/2014\/702723.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/tswj\/2014\/702723.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/tswj\/2014\/702723.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,29]],"date-time":"2016-07-29T01:40:23Z","timestamp":1469756423000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/tswj\/2014\/702723\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"references-count":9,"alternative-id":["702723","702723"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2014\/702723","relation":{},"ISSN":["2356-6140","1537-744X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2356-6140"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1537-744X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014]]}}}