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In the present study, we evaluated the diagnostic performance of a neuroanatomical pattern classification method in the discrimination between psychotic major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar I disorder (BD-I), and healthy controls (HC) using a homogenous sample of patients at an early course of their illness. Twenty-three cases of first-episode psychotic mania (BD-I) and 19 individuals with a first episode of psychotic MDD whose diagnosis remained stable during 1 year of followup underwent 1.5\u2009T MRI at baseline. A previously validated multivariate classifier based on support vector machine (SVM) was employed and measures of diagnostic performance were obtained for the discrimination between each diagnostic group and subsamples of age- and gender-matched controls recruited in the same neighborhood of the patients. Based on T1-weighted images only, the SVM-classifier afforded poor discrimination in all 3 pairwise comparisons: BD-I versus HC; MDD versus HC; and BD-I versus MDD. Thus, at the population level and using structural MRI only, we failed to achieve good discrimination between BD-I, psychotic MDD, and HC in this proof of concept study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/706157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,20]],"date-time":"2014-01-20T01:21:16Z","timestamp":1390180876000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Neuroanatomical Classification in a Population-Based Sample of Psychotic Major Depression and Bipolar I Disorder with 1 Year of Diagnostic Stability"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2014","author":[{"given":"Mauricio H.","family":"Serpa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Dr. Ov\u00eddio Pires de Campos Street, 3rd Floor, LIM-21, Nuclear Medicine Center, 05403-010 S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Center for Interdisciplinary Research on 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