{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T15:56:13Z","timestamp":1784562973547,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In the current study, a total of 214 blood samples from dogs in and around Ludhiana, Punjab (India), suspected for canine babesiosis were examined with conventional and molecular assays. Examination of Giemsa-stained peripheral thin blood smears revealed an overall prevalence of 7.47% (16\/214) for canine babesiosis encompassing 0.93% (2\/214) of large<jats:italic>Babesia<\/jats:italic>and 6.54% (14\/214) of<jats:italic>Babesia gibsoni<\/jats:italic>. However, molecular diagnosis revealed 15.42% (33\/214) samples positive for<jats:italic>B. gibsoni<\/jats:italic>infection as evident by the presence of 671\u2009bp amplicon. The results of multivariate analysis showed that the prevalence of<jats:italic>B. gibsoni<\/jats:italic>was associated with various risk factors, namely, age (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>; OR: 0.398; CI 95%: 0.080\u20131.799), sex (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.022<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>; OR: 0.849; CI 95%: 0.403\u20131.791), breed of host (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.371<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>; OR: 3.345; CI 95%: 1.045\u201310.710), and season (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.230<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>; OR: 2.143; CI 95%: 0.788\u20135.830). The prevalence of<jats:italic>B. gibsoni<\/jats:italic>was higher in summer as compared to winter season and in younger dogs, while breed and sex of the host were not significantly associated with the occurrence of the disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/741785","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,12]],"date-time":"2014-06-12T22:37:41Z","timestamp":1402612661000},"page":"1-5","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Canine Babesiosis in Northwestern India: Molecular Detection and Assessment of Risk Factors"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2014","author":[{"given":"Amritpal","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141 004, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1709-4480","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Harkirat","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141 004, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N. K.","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141 004, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N. D.","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141 004, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. S.","family":"Rath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Disease Research Centre, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141 004, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.1989.9694194","volume":"11","year":"1989","journal-title":"Veterinary Quarterly"},{"issue":"8","key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00931839","volume":"81","year":"1995","journal-title":"Parasitology Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1991.199.05.601","volume":"199","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical 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