{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T12:09:22Z","timestamp":1784030962934,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Korean Ginseng Corporation","award":["2009, 2011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2009, 2011"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mediators of Inflammation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Despite a multitude of reports on anti-inflammatory properties of ginseng extracts or individual ginsenosides, data on antiarthritic effect of ginseng saponin preparation with mixed ginsenosides is limited. On the other hand, a combined therapy of safe and inexpensive plant-derived natural products such as ginsenosides can be considered as an alternative to treat arthritis. Our previous<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>data displayed a strong anti-inflammatory action of red ginseng saponin fraction-A (RGSF-A). We, herein, report a marked antiarthritic property of RGSF-A rich in ginsenoside Rb1, Rc, and Rb2. Collagen-induced arthritic (CIA) mice were treated with RGSF-A or methotrexate (MTX) for 5 weeks. Joint pathology, serum antibody production and leukocye activation, cytokine production in the circulation, lymph nodes, and joints were examined. RGSF-A markedly reduced severity of arthritis, cellular infiltration, and cartilage damage. It suppressed CD3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/CD69<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/CD25<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T-cell, CD19<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, B220\/CD23<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>B-cell, MHCII<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/CD11c<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, and Gr-1<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/CD11b<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>cell activations. It further suppressed anti-CII- or anti-RF-IgG\/IgM, TNF-<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>, IL-1<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>, IL-17, and IL-6 secretions but stimulated IL-10 levels in the serum, joint, or splenocyte. RGSF-A attenuated arthritis severity, modified leukocyte activations, and restored cytokine imbalances, suggesting that it can be considered as an antiarthritic agent with the capacity to ameliorate the immune and inflammatory responses in CIA mice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/748964","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,16]],"date-time":"2014-04-16T17:11:56Z","timestamp":1397668316000},"page":"1-14","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Korean Red Ginseng Saponin Fraction Rich in Ginsenoside-Rb1, Rc and Rb2 Attenuates the Severity of Mouse Collagen-Induced Arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2014","author":[{"given":"Mehari","family":"Endale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology and Cell Signaling, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun Ju","family":"Im","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology and Cell Signaling, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joo Young","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology and Cell Signaling, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung Dae","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Busan 619-953, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9412-5995","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Taddesse","family":"Yayeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong-Bum","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ginseng Corporation Central Research Institute, Daejeon 305-805, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Seong","family":"Kwak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ginseng Corporation Central Research Institute, Daejeon 305-805, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaekyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 400-712, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung-Hyung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Traditional Medicine & Bioscience, Daejeon University, Daejeon 300-716, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seong-Soo","family":"Roh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Hanny University, Gyeongsan 712-715, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8141-9927","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jae Youl","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Man Hee","family":"Rhee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology and Cell Signaling, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.076430"},{"issue":"2","key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1038\/ncprheum0047","volume":"1","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature Clinical Practice. 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