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Interleukin- (IL-) 13, which is produced by<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>T<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>H<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub><mml:mn>2<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>\u2009\u2009cells, is a critical profibrotic cytokine found in various organs, including the liver. Tissue transglutaminase (tTG), a group of multifunctional enzymes, serves a central function in the pathogenesis of chronic liver diseases. However, the relationship between IL-13, tTG, and liver fibrosis during<jats:italic>Schistosoma<\/jats:italic>infection has not been established. This study investigated the involvement of IL-13 and tTG in liver fibrogenesis during<jats:italic>Sj<\/jats:italic>infection in mice. Five weeks after<jats:italic>Sj<\/jats:italic>infection, granuloma and fibrosis development in the liver coincided with an increase in IL-13 and tTG in the liver and the upregulation of serum IL-13 in infected mice. Administration of cystamine, an inhibitor of tTG, abrogated the increase in both tTG and IL-13 in infected mice and ameliorated liver fibrogenesis and granuloma development. This result establishes a novel link among IL-13, tTG, and liver granuloma and fibrosis under<jats:italic>Sj<\/jats:italic>infection. Based on their important functions in liver fibrosis induced by<jats:italic>Sj<\/jats:italic>infection, IL-13 and tTG could be promising potential drug targets against schistosomiasis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/753483","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,3]],"date-time":"2014-07-03T21:09:02Z","timestamp":1404421742000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Involvement of IL-13 and Tissue Transglutaminase in Liver Granuloma and Fibrosis after<i>Schistosoma japonicum<\/i>Infection"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2014","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8638-5225","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Juanjuan","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou Hoffmann Institute of Immunology, School of Basic Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, 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