{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:48:03Z","timestamp":1787017683427,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001411","name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"abstract":"\n Giardia duodenalis<\/jats:italic>\n , is often seen as an opportunistic pathogen and one of the major food and waterborne parasites. Some insights of\n Giardia<\/jats:italic>\n infestation in a diarrhoea-prone population were investigated in the present study. Our primary goal was to understand the interaction of this parasite with other pathogens during infection and to determine some important factors regulating the diarrhoeal disease spectrum of a population.\n Giardia<\/jats:italic>\n showed a steady rate of occurrence throughout the entire study period with a nonsignificant association with rainfall\n \n (<\/mml:mo>\n P<\/mml:mi>\n ><\/mml:mo>\n 0.05<\/mml:mn>\n )<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:math>\n . Interestingly coinfecting pathogens like\n Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n and rotavirus played a significant\n \n (<\/mml:mo>\n P<\/mml:mi>\n \u2264<\/mml:mo>\n 0.001<\/mml:mn>\n )<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:math>\n role in the occurrence of this parasite. Moreover, the age distribution of the diarrhoeal cases was very much dependent on the coinfection rate of\n Giardia<\/jats:italic>\n infection. As per our findings,\n Giardia<\/jats:italic>\n infection rate seems to play a vital role in regulation of the whole diarrhoeal disease spectrum in this endemic region.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/786480","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,9]],"date-time":"2014-06-09T17:23:05Z","timestamp":1402334585000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Association between\n Giardia duodenalis<\/i>\n and Coinfection with Other Diarrhea-Causing Pathogens in India"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2014","author":[{"given":"Avik K.","family":"Mukherjee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Parasitology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33 CIT Road, Scheme XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata, West Bengal 700010, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Punam","family":"Chowdhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Parasitology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33 CIT Road, Scheme XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata, West Bengal 700010, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krishnan","family":"Rajendran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Data Management, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33 CIT Road, Scheme XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata, West Bengal 700010, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoyoshi","family":"Nozaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4859-9759","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sandipan","family":"Ganguly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Parasitology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33 CIT Road, Scheme XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 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