{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T16:11:17Z","timestamp":1787242277713,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Diabetes Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Aims.<\/jats:italic>\n                    To comprehensively evaluate the effect of a short-term diabetes self-management education (DSME) on metabolic markers and atherosclerotic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes.\n                    <jats:italic>Methods.<\/jats:italic>\n                    76 patients with type 2 diabetes were recruited in this study. They were divided into the intervention group\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                      <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi>\n                      <mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mn>36<\/mml:mn>\n                      <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mml:mo>\n                    <\/mml:math>\n                    and control group\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n                      <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi>\n                      <mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mn>40<\/mml:mn>\n                      <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mml:mo>\n                    <\/mml:math>\n                    . The patients in the intervention group received a 3-month intervention, including an 8-week education on self-management of diabetes mellitus and subsequent 4 weeks of practice of the self-management guidelines. The patients in the control group received standard advice on medical nutrition therapy. Metabolic markers, carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), and carotid arterial stiffness (CAS) of the patients in both groups were assessed before and after the 3-month intervention.\n                    <jats:italic>Results.<\/jats:italic>\n                    There was a significant reduction in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c,\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\">\n                      <mml:mo>-<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mn>0.2<\/mml:mn>\n                      <mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mn>0.56<\/mml:mn>\n                    <\/mml:math>\n                    % versus\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\">\n                      <mml:mn>0.08<\/mml:mn>\n                      <mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mn>0.741<\/mml:mn>\n                    <\/mml:math>\n                    %;\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\">\n                      <mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi>\n                      <mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mn>0.05<\/mml:mn>\n                    <\/mml:math>\n                    ) and body weight (\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\">\n                      <mml:mo>-<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mn>1.19<\/mml:mn>\n                      <mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mn>1.39<\/mml:mn>\n                    <\/mml:math>\n                    \u2009kg versus\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\">\n                      <mml:mo>-<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mn>0.61<\/mml:mn>\n                      <mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mn>2.0<\/mml:mn>\n                      <mml:mn>4<\/mml:mn>\n                    <\/mml:math>\n                    \u2009kg;\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M8\">\n                      <mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi>\n                      <mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mn>0.05<\/mml:mn>\n                    <\/mml:math>\n                    ) in the intervention group as compared to the control group. However, no significant improvements were found in other metabolic markers, CIMT and CAS\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M9\">\n                      <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi>\n                      <mml:mo>&gt;<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mn>0.05<\/mml:mn>\n                      <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mml:mo>\n                    <\/mml:math>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>Conclusions.<\/jats:italic>\n                    DSME can improve HbA1c and body weight in patients with type 2 diabetes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/789761","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,17]],"date-time":"2014-07-17T17:12:19Z","timestamp":1405617139000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["The Effect of Diabetes Self-Management Education on Body Weight, Glycemic Control, and Other Metabolic Markers in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2014","author":[{"given":"Chuang","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher W. 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W.","family":"Law","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Ying","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2013.54"},{"issue":"7","key":"2","first-page":"RA130","volume":"12","year":"2006","journal-title":"Medical Science Monitor"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/postgradmedj-2011-130214"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000141702.26898.e9"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2009.03.014"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2007.02.019"},{"issue":"8","key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.18.8.1204","volume":"18","year":"1995","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2006.03.017"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12065","volume":"30","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetic Medicine"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0145721708316625"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.321.7258.405"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/581012"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-2415"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.164.8.863"}],"container-title":["Journal of Diabetes Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jdr\/2014\/789761.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jdr\/2014\/789761.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jdr\/2014\/789761.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,22]],"date-time":"2017-06-22T12:55:47Z","timestamp":1498136147000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/jdr\/2014\/789761\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"references-count":14,"alternative-id":["789761","789761"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2014\/789761","relation":{},"ISSN":["2314-6745","2314-6753"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2314-6745","type":"print"},{"value":"2314-6753","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014]]}}}