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Bethune Program of Jilin University","award":["30972610"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["30972610"]}]},{"name":"Norman Bethune Program of Jilin University","award":["81273240"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81273240"]}]},{"name":"Norman Bethune Program of Jilin University","award":["20110716"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20110716"]}]},{"name":"Norman Bethune Program of Jilin University","award":["2009Z054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2009Z054"]}]},{"name":"Norman Bethune Program of Jilin University","award":["2012206"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2012206"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"abstract":"Background<\/jats:italic>. T follicular helper (TFH) cells are involved in the humoral immune responses. This study is aimed at examining the frequencies of different subsets of CD4+<\/jats:sup>CXCR5+<\/jats:sup>TFH cells in adult patients with minimal change disease (MCD).Methods<\/jats:italic>. A total of 27 patients and 14 healthy controls (HC) were characterized for the levels of sera cytokines, inducible T-cell costimulator (ICOS), and programmed death 1 (PD-1) of positive TFH cells by flow cytometry. The level of sera IL-21 was examined; 24\u2009h urinary protein and eGFR were calculated. The potential correlation between the frequency of different subsets of TFH cells and the values of clinical measures in MCD patients were analyzed.Results<\/jats:italic>. The frequency of circulating CD4+<\/jats:sup>CXCR5+<\/jats:sup>, CD4+<\/jats:sup>CXCR5+<\/jats:sup>ICOS+<\/jats:sup>, and CD4+<\/jats:sup>CXCR5+<\/jats:sup>PD-1+<\/jats:sup>TFH cells and the levels of sera IL-17A, IFN-\u03b3<\/jats:italic>, IL-2, IL-10, IL-4, and IL-21 were significantly higher in MCD patients (P<\/mml:mi><<\/mml:mo>0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) than that in the HC group. Furthermore, the percentages of circulating CD4+<\/jats:sup>CXCR5+<\/jats:sup>TFH cells were negatively correlated with the values of eGFR (r<\/mml:mi>=<\/mml:mo>-<\/mml:mo>0.4849<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>,P<\/mml:mi><<\/mml:mo>0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) and the percentages of CD4+<\/jats:sup>CXCR5+<\/jats:sup>PD-1+<\/jats:sup>TFH cells were correlated positively with the levels of serum IL-21 (r<\/mml:mi>=<\/mml:mo>0.6137<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>,P<\/mml:mi><<\/mml:mo>0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) and 24\u2009h urinary protein (r<\/mml:mi>=<\/mml:mo>0.1410<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>,P<\/mml:mi><<\/mml:mo>0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) in those patients. Also, the percentages of CD4+<\/jats:sup>CXCR5+<\/jats:sup>ICOS+<\/jats:sup>TFH cells were correlated positively with the levels of serum IL-21 (r<\/mml:mi>=<\/mml:mo>0.6201<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>,P<\/mml:mi><<\/mml:mo>0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) and 24\u2009h urinary protein (r<\/mml:mi>=<\/mml:mo>0.7519<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>,P<\/mml:mi><<\/mml:mo>0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). Following standard therapies, the percentages of circulating CD4+<\/jats:sup>CXCR5+<\/jats:sup>, CD4+<\/jats:sup>CXCR5+<\/jats:sup>PD-1+<\/jats:sup>, and CD4+<\/jats:sup>CXCR5+<\/jats:sup>ICOS+<\/jats:sup>TFH cells and the levels of serum IL-21 were significantly reduced, but the levels of serum IL-4 and IL-10 were increased (P<\/mml:mi><<\/mml:mo>0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>).Conclusions<\/jats:italic>. A higher frequency of CD4+<\/jats:sup>CXCR5+<\/jats:sup>TFH cells that existed in adult patients with MCD could be new target for intervention of MCD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/836157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,27]],"date-time":"2014-08-27T21:04:20Z","timestamp":1409173460000},"page":"1-13","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A Higher Frequency of CD4+<\/sup>CXCR5+<\/sup>T Follicular Helper Cells in Adult Patients with Minimal Change Disease"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2014","author":[{"given":"Nan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pingwei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 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