{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T12:50:54Z","timestamp":1770900654940,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007804","name":"Research Center for Control of Aging, Fukuoka Dental College","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007804","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Dentistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>To examine the effects of<jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>on halitosis, the carrier state of<jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>was examined in patients who made a visit with a chief complaint of halitosis.<jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. Subjects were 123 patients (42 males and 81 females) who visited our clinic, with a chief complaint of halitosis. Their average age was 45.8 years. To examine halitosis, an organoleptic test was conducted, and volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) were measured by gas chromatography. Tongue-coating samples collected at the initial visit were cultured in CHROMagar<jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>medium. The results of a<jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>culture test, an organoleptic test, and VSC measurements were examined.<jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. The male-to-female ratio of the patients was about 1\u2009:\u20092. Patients with severe halitosis accounted for less than 20%. In the<jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>culture test, the positive rate was about 25.2%, and<jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>was the most frequently detected. Two kinds of<jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>species were detected in 75% (6\/8) of the strongly<jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>-positive group. The VSC measurements were correlated with the<jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>culture test results. Methyl mercaptan concentration was higher in the strongly<jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>-positive group or the subjects having two kinds of<jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>species.<jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>. We suggest that imbalance of oral microbial community exists in the strongly<jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>-positive group.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/857647","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,24]],"date-time":"2014-08-24T21:03:56Z","timestamp":1408914236000},"page":"1-5","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The Detection of<i>Candida<\/i>Species in Patients with Halitosis"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2014","author":[{"given":"Chihiro","family":"Koga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center for Oral Diseases, Fukuoka Dental College, 3-2-1 Hakataekimae, Hakata-ku, Fukuoka 812-0011, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Yoneda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center for Oral Diseases, Fukuoka Dental College, 3-2-1 Hakataekimae, Hakata-ku, Fukuoka 812-0011, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keisuke","family":"Nakayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center for Oral Diseases, Fukuoka Dental College, 3-2-1 Hakataekimae, Hakata-ku, Fukuoka 812-0011, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satoru","family":"Yokoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center for Oral Diseases, Fukuoka Dental College, 3-2-1 Hakataekimae, Hakata-ku, Fukuoka 812-0011, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariko","family":"Haraga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center for Oral Diseases, Fukuoka Dental College, 3-2-1 Hakataekimae, Hakata-ku, Fukuoka 812-0011, 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Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takao","family":"Hirofuji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of General Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1177\/10454411900010040401","volume":"1","year":"1990","journal-title":"Critical Reviews in Oral Biology and 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