{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T18:14:27Z","timestamp":1773684867266,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Introduction<\/jats:italic>. There has been much debate about the ideal timing of surgery of frontal depressed skull fractures (DSF). In this paper, we assess whether timing of surgery may have influenced outcome.<jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. Retrospective cohort of 40 consecutive patients with frontal DSF who underwent surgical treatment over a 36-month period. The patients were divided into early surgery group (ESG) which were operated within 24\u2009h and delayed surgery group (DSG).<jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. The population comprised 39 (97.50%) men and the mean age was 27.9 years (range, 2\u201381\u2009yr). There was no difference of age (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.53<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), gender male (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>1.00<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), presence of focal lesion on head CT (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.89<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), hypotension (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.28<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), and hypoxia (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.15<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). Mean Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) was significantly lower in patients of ESG than DSG (8.75 and 11.7, resp.,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.02<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). There was no difference between the groups in relation to death (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.13<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), unfavourable outcome (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M8\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.41<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), late posttraumatic epilepsy (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M9\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.64<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), and smell-and-taste disturbances (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M10\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>1.00<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). Only one patient (3.5%) evolved meningitis during follow-up.<jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>. We found no difference between the ESG and DSG in respect to death, unfavourable outcome, LPE, and STD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/879286","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,12]],"date-time":"2014-08-12T21:17:25Z","timestamp":1407878245000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Early Surgery Does Not Seem to Be a Pivotal Criterion to Improve Prognosis in Patients with Frontal Depressed Skull Fractures"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2014","author":[{"given":"Iuri Santana","family":"Neville","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, University of S\u00e3o Paulo Medical School, Rua Oscar Freire 1380, 05409-010 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robson Luis","family":"Amorim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, University of S\u00e3o Paulo Medical School, Rua Oscar Freire 1380, 05409-010 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wellingson Silva","family":"Paiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, University of S\u00e3o Paulo Medical School, Rua Oscar Freire 1380, 05409-010 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Felipe Hada","family":"Sanders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, University of S\u00e3o Paulo Medical School, Rua Oscar Freire 1380, 05409-010 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manoel Jacobsen","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, University of S\u00e3o Paulo Medical School, Rua Oscar Freire 1380, 05409-010 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Almir Ferreira de","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of 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