{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T02:07:14Z","timestamp":1783476434351,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Purpose.<\/jats:italic>To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of accelerated corneal collagen cross-linking (ACXL) in patients below 14 years of age with progressive keratoconus.<jats:italic>Materials and Methods<\/jats:italic>. Thirty eyes of 18 patients with established progressive keratoconus underwent preoperative and postoperative visual acuity assessment, topography, and specular microscopy prior to ACXL and were followed up for 24 months.<jats:italic>Results.<\/jats:italic>Mean age of the patients was 12.7 years with ten males and eight females. There was an improvement in the mean postoperative uncorrected distant visual acuity (from<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mn>0.76<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.26<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>to<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mn>0.61<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.25<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>;<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.005<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), mean corrected distant visual acuity (from<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mn>0.24<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.19<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>to<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\"><mml:mn>0.12<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.12<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>;<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), mean spherical refraction (from<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\"><mml:mo>-<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>3.04<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>\u2009<\/mml:mo><mml:mtext>DS<\/mml:mtext><mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>3.60<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>to<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M8\"><mml:mo>-<\/mml:mo><mml:mn mathvariant=\"normal\">2.38<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>\u2009<\/mml:mo><mml:mtext>DS<\/mml:mtext><mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo><mml:mn mathvariant=\"normal\">3.37<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>;<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M9\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.28<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), mean cylinder (from<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M10\"><mml:mo>-<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>3.63<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>\u2009<\/mml:mo><mml:mtext>DC<\/mml:mtext><mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>1.82<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>to<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M11\"><mml:mo>-<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>2.80<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>\u2009<\/mml:mo><mml:mtext>DC<\/mml:mtext><mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>1.48<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>;<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M12\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.008<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), and spherical equivalent (from<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M13\"><mml:mo>-<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>4.70<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>\u2009<\/mml:mo><mml:mtext>D<\/mml:mtext><mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>3.86<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>to<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M14\"><mml:mo>-<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>3.75<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>\u2009<\/mml:mo><mml:mtext>D<\/mml:mtext><mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>3.49<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>;<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M15\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.15<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). Three eyes of two patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) showed progression. There were no intra- or postoperative complications.<jats:italic>Conclusion.<\/jats:italic>In pediatric patients ACXL is an effective and safe procedure for the management of keratoconus. Optimal management of VKC is important to arrest the progression of keratoconus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/894095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,11]],"date-time":"2014-09-11T21:04:18Z","timestamp":1410469458000},"page":"1-5","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Accelerated Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking in Pediatric Patients: Two-Year Follow-Up Results"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2014","author":[{"given":"Rohit","family":"Shetty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Narayana Nethralaya Eye Hospital, 121\/C Chord Road, 1 \u201cR\u201d Block, Rajajinagar, Bangalore, Karnataka 560 010, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harsha","family":"Nagaraja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Narayana Nethralaya Eye Hospital, 121\/C Chord Road, 1 \u201cR\u201d Block, Rajajinagar, Bangalore, Karnataka 560 010, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaitra","family":"Jayadev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Narayana Nethralaya Eye Hospital, 121\/C Chord Road, 1 \u201cR\u201d Block, Rajajinagar, Bangalore, Karnataka 560 010, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natasha Kishore","family":"Pahuja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Narayana Nethralaya Eye Hospital, 121\/C Chord Road, 1 \u201cR\u201d Block, Rajajinagar, Bangalore, Karnataka 560 010, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathew","family":"Kurian Kummelil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Narayana Nethralaya Eye Hospital, 121\/C Chord Road, 1 \u201cR\u201d Block, Rajajinagar, Bangalore, Karnataka 560 010, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rudy M. 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