{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]],"date-time":"2022-06-22T23:31:50Z","timestamp":1655940710884},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Health and Medical Research Fund, Food and Health Bureau","award":["09101481"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["09101481"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Scientific World Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study tested the psychometric properties of a Chinese version of the level of expressed emotion scale in Hong Kong Chinese patients with severe mental illness and their family caregivers. First, the semantic equivalence with the original English version and test-retest reliability at 2-week interval of the Chinese version was examined. After that, the reproducibility, construct validity, and internal consistency of the Chinese version were tested. The Chinese version indicated good semantic equivalence with the English version (kappa values = 0.76\u20130.95 and ICC = 0.81\u20130.92), test-retest reliability (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>r<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>= 0.89\u20130.95,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.01<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), and internal consistency (Cronbach\u2019s<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>= 0.86\u20130.92). Among 262 patients with severe mental illness and their caregivers, the 50-item Chinese version had substantial loadings on one of the four factors identified (intrusiveness\/hostility, attitude towards patient, tolerance, and emotional involvement), accounting for 71.8% of the total variance of expressed emotion. In confirmatory factor analysis, the identified four-factor model showed the best fit based on all fit indices (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>\u03c7<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msup><mml:mo>\/<\/mml:mo><mml:mtext>df<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:math>= 1.93,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.75<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>; AGFI = 0.96; TLI = 1.02; RMSEA = 0.031; WRMR = 0.78) to the collected data. The four-factor Chinese version also indicated a good concurrent validity with significant correlations with family functioning (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>r<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>= \u22120.54) and family burden (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>r<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>= 0.49) and a satisfactory reproducibility over six months (intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.90). The mean scores of the overall and subscale of the Chinese version in patients with unipolar disorder were higher than in other illness groups (schizophrenia, psychotic disorders, and bipolar disorder;<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.01<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). The Chinese version demonstrates sound psychometric properties to measure families\u2019 expressed emotion in Chinese patients with severe mental illness, which are found varied across countries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/905950","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,9]],"date-time":"2014-01-09T11:06:15Z","timestamp":1389265575000},"page":"1-16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Testing the Psychometric Properties of a Chinese Version of the Level of Expressed Emotion Scale"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2014","author":[{"given":"Wai Tong","family":"Chien","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zenobia Chung-Yee","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sally Wai-Chi","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, National University of Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"98","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"1","first-page":"55","volume":"16","year":"1962","journal-title":"British Journal of Preventive Social Medicine"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.170.6.520","volume":"170","year":"1997","journal-title":"British Journal of 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