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A new epidemiological scenario is currently emerging: although new introductions of the virus from abroad are always possible, confirming the epidemiological role played by migratory birds, the infection endemisation in some European territories today is a reality supported by the constant reoccurrence of the same strains across years in the same geographical areas. Despite the WND reoccurrence in the Old World, the overwintering mechanisms are not well known, and the role of local resident birds or mosquitoes in this context is poorly understood. A recent new epidemiological scenario is the spread of lineage 2 strain across European and Mediterranean countries in regions where lineage 1 strain is still circulating creating favourable conditions for genetic reassortments and emergence of new strains. This paper summarizes the main epidemiological findings on WNV occurrence in Europe and in the Mediterranean Basin from 2009 to 2013, considering potential future spread patterns.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/907852","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,11]],"date-time":"2014-09-11T21:04:21Z","timestamp":1410469461000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Epidemiology of West Nile Disease in Europe and in the Mediterranean Basin from 2009 to 2013"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2014","author":[{"given":"Daria","family":"Di Sabatino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell\u2019Abruzzo e del Molise \u201cG. Caporale,\u201d 64100 Teramo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rossana","family":"Bruno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell\u2019Abruzzo e del Molise \u201cG. 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