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Drawing a comparison with rats, this study evaluated the common marmoset (<jats:italic>Callithrix jacchus<\/jats:italic>) using a PDT. By nose- or hand-poking, subjects learnt to prefer a large (LLL, 5-6 pellets) over a small (SS, 1-2 pellets) reward and, subsequently, the probability of occurrence of large-reward delivery was decreased progressively to very low levels (from 100% to 17% and 14%). As probability decreased, subjects showed a great versus little shift in preference from LLL to SS reinforcer. Hence, two distinct subpopulations (\u201cnon-gambler\u201d versus \u201cgambler\u201d) were differentiated within each species. A proof of the model validity comes from marmosets\u2019 reaction to reward-delivery omission. Namely, depending on individual temperament (\u201cgambler\u201d versus \u201cnon-gambler\u201d), they showed either persistence (i.e., inadequate pokes towards LLL) or restlessness (i.e., inadequate pokes towards SS), respectively. In conclusion, the marmoset could be a suitable model for preclinical gambling studies. Implementation of the PDT to species other than rats may be relevant for determining its external validity\/generalizability and improving its face\/construct validity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/927685","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,27]],"date-time":"2014-05-27T19:04:53Z","timestamp":1401217493000},"page":"1-12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Individual Differences in Gambling Proneness among Rats and Common Marmosets: An Automated Choice Task"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2014","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3626-8928","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Francesca","family":"Zoratto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital IRCCS, Rome, 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