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A previous study found that stem cells could be isolated from inflamed tissues, but it is unknown whether primary dental pulp diagnosed with irreversible pulpitis might contain stem cells with appropriate tissue regeneration capacity. In this study, we aimed to isolate stem cells from both inflamed pulps of deciduous teeth (SCIDs) and SHEDs from Chinese children and to compare their proliferation and differentiation potentials. Our results showed that SCIDs were positive for cell surface markers, including CD105, CD90, and CD146, and they had high proliferation ability and osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation potentials. There was no significant difference in proliferation and differentiation potentials between SCIDs and SHEDs. The mRNA of inflammatory factors, including IL-1<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>, IL-6, and TNF-<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>, was expressed at similar levels in SCIDs and SHEDs, but SCIDs secreted more TNF-<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>protein. In conclusion, our<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>results showed that SCIDs have proliferation and differentiation potentials similar to those of SHEDs. Thus, SCIDs represent a new potentially applicable source for MSC mediated tissue regeneration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/930907","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,22]],"date-time":"2014-06-22T06:30:06Z","timestamp":1403418606000},"page":"1-12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Comparative Analysis of Proliferation and Differentiation Potentials of Stem Cells from Inflamed Pulp of Deciduous Teeth and Stem Cells from Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2014","author":[{"given":"Shi","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, No. 4 Tiantanxili, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, No. 4 Tiantanxili, Dongcheng District, 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