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In particular we compare nonsurgical management (NSM) and KP and VP, in terms of clinical parameters (pain, disability, quality of life, and new fractures), cost-effectiveness, radiological variables (kyphosis correction and vertebral height restoration), and VP versus KP for cement extravasation and complications profile. Cement types and optimal filling are analyzed and technological innovations are presented. Finally unipedicular\/bipedicular techniques are compared.<jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>. VP and KP are superior to NSM in clinical and radiological parameters and probably more cost-effective. KP is superior to VP in sagittal balance improvement and cement leaking. Complications are rare but serious adverse events have been described, so caution should be exerted. Unilateral procedures should be pursued whenever feasible. Upcoming randomized trials (CEEP, OSTEO-6, STIC-2, and VERTOS IV) will provide the missing link.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/934206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,4]],"date-time":"2014-03-04T21:10:58Z","timestamp":1393967458000},"page":"1-12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Controversial Issues in Kyphoplasty and Vertebroplasty in Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2014","author":[{"given":"Ioannis D.","family":"Papanastassiou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"H. 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