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In the rodent,<jats:italic>Aanat<\/jats:italic>gene expression displays a marked circadian rhythm; release of norepinephrine in the gland at night causes a cAMP-based induction of<jats:italic>Aanat<\/jats:italic>transcription. However, additional transcriptional control mechanisms exist. Homeobox genes, which are generally known to encode transcription factors controlling developmental processes, are also expressed in the mature rodent pineal gland. Among these, the cone-rod homeobox (CRX) transcription factor is believed to control pineal-specific<jats:italic>Aanat<\/jats:italic>expression. 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