{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T19:31:16Z","timestamp":1773430276166,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Objective<\/jats:italic>. Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis (TPP) is a potentially life-threatening complication of Graves\u2019 disease (GD). The present study compared the long-term efficacy of antithyroid drugs (ATD), radioactive iodine (RAI), and surgery in GD\/TPP.<jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. Sixteen patients with GD\/TPP were followed over a 14-year period. ATD was generally prescribed upfront for 12\u201318 months before RAI or surgery was considered. Outcomes such as thyrotoxic or TPP relapses were compared between the three modalities.<jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. Eight (50.0%) patients had ATD alone, 4 (25.0%) had RAI, and 4 (25.0%) had surgery as primary treatment. Despite being able to withdraw ATD in all 8 patients for 37.5 (22\u2013247) months, all subsequently developed thyrotoxic relapses and 4 (50.0%) had \u22651 TPP relapses. Of the four patients who had RAI, two (50%) developed thyrotoxic relapse after 12 and 29 months, respectively, and two (50.0%) became hypothyroid. The median required RAI dose to render hypothyroidism was 550 (350\u2013700) MBq. Of the 4 patients who underwent surgery, none developed relapses but all became hypothyroid.<jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>. To minimize future relapses, more definitive primary treatment such as RAI or surgery is preferred over ATD alone. If RAI is chosen over surgery, a higher dose (&gt;550\u2009MBq) is recommended.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/949068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,3]],"date-time":"2014-08-03T21:03:52Z","timestamp":1407099832000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Evaluating the Efficacy of Primary Treatment for Graves\u2019 Disease Complicated by Thyrotoxic Periodic Paralysis"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2014","author":[{"given":"Rita Yuk-Kwan","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian Hung-Hin","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ai Chen","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kai Pun","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"98","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.303.6810.1096"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/mend-1-1-83"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5538.451"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-17-12-1454"},{"issue":"3","key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199205000-00001","volume":"71","year":"1992","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-0356"},{"issue":"1","key":"7","first-page":"57","volume":"11","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Western Journal of Emergency Medicine"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(74)90010-2"},{"issue":"6","key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2010.0417","volume":"21","year":"2011","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2011.01.029"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra042972"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03346433"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-13-0381"},{"issue":"9","key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3671","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-1954","volume":"98","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"issue":"2","key":"15","first-page":"180","volume":"19","year":"1978","journal-title":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-1655"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2004.02152.x"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.52.149"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-011-1236-y"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ije\/2014\/949068.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ije\/2014\/949068.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ije\/2014\/949068.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,22]],"date-time":"2017-06-22T17:48:49Z","timestamp":1498153729000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/ije\/2014\/949068\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"references-count":19,"alternative-id":["949068","949068"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2014\/949068","relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-8337","1687-8345"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1687-8337","type":"print"},{"value":"1687-8345","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014]]}}}