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Using various combinations of vector modules of a deconstructed viral vector expression system, DIII was produced in three subcellular compartments in leaves of<jats:italic>Nicotiana benthamiana<\/jats:italic>by transient expression. DIII expressed at much higher levels when targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) than that targeted to the chloroplast or the cytosol, with accumulation level up to 73\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>g DIII per gram of leaf fresh weight within 4 days after infiltration. Plant ER-derived DIII was soluble and readily purified to &gt;\u200995% homogeneity without the time-consuming process of denaturing and refolding. Further analysis revealed that plant-produced DIII was processed properly and demonstrated specific binding to an anti-DIII monoclonal antibody that recognizes a conformational epitope. Furthermore, subcutaneous immunization of mice with 5 and 25\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>g of purified DIII elicited a potent systemic response. This study provided the proof of principle for rapidly producing immunogenic vaccine candidates against WNV in plants with low cost and scalability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/952865","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,3]],"date-time":"2014-04-03T17:10:44Z","timestamp":1396545044000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["A Plant-Produced Antigen Elicits Potent Immune Responses against West Nile Virus in Mice"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2014","author":[{"given":"Junyun","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S. 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