{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T08:28:26Z","timestamp":1782548906209,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Informatics Centre (NIC)"},{"name":"Botanical Survey of India (BSI)"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004732","name":"University of Pune","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004732","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Advances in Pharmacological Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Trapa bispinosa<\/jats:italic>Roxb. which belongs to the family Trapaceae is a small herb well known for its medicinal properties and is widely used worldwide.<jats:italic>Trapa bispinosa<\/jats:italic>or<jats:italic>Trapa natans<\/jats:italic>is an important plant of Indian Ayurvedic system of medicine which is used in the problems of stomach, genitourinary system, liver, kidney, and spleen. It is bitter, astringent, stomachic, diuretic, febrifuge, and antiseptic. The whole plant is used in gonorrhea, menorrhagia, and other genital affections. It is useful in diarrhea, dysentery, ophthalmopathy, ulcers, and wounds. These are used in the validated conditions in pitta, burning sensation, dipsia, dyspepsia, hemorrhage, hemoptysis, diarrhea, dysentery, strangely, intermittent fever, leprosy, fatigue, inflammation, urethrorrhea, fractures, erysipelas, lumbago, pharyngitis, bronchitis and general debility, and suppressing stomach and heart burning. Maybe it is due to photochemical content of<jats:italic>Trapa bispinosa<\/jats:italic>having high quantity of minerals, ions, namely, Ca, K, Na, Zn, and vitamins; saponins, phenols, alkaloids, H-donation, flavonoids are reported in the plants. Nutritional and biochemical analyses of fruits of<jats:italic>Trapa bispinosa<\/jats:italic>in 100\u2009g showed 22.30 and 71.55% carbohydrate, protein contents were 4.40% and 10.80%, a percentage of moisture, fiber, ash, and fat contents were 70.35 and 7.30, 2.05 and 6.35, 2.30 and 8.50, and 0.65 and 1.85, mineral contents of the seeds were 32\u2009mg and 102.85\u2009mg calcium, 1.4 and 3.8\u2009mg Iron, and 121 and 325\u2009mg phosphorus in 100\u2009g, and seeds of<jats:italic>Trapa bispinosa<\/jats:italic>produced 115.52 and 354.85\u2009Kcal of energy, in fresh and dry fruits, respectively. Chemical analysis of the fruit and fresh nuts having considerable water content citric acid and fresh fruit which substantiates its importance as dietary food also reported low crude lipid, and major mineral present with confirming good amount of minerals as an iron and manganese potassium were contained in the fruit. Crude fiber, total protein content of the water chestnut kernel,<jats:italic>Trapa bispinosa<\/jats:italic>are reported. In this paper, the recent reports on nutritional, phytochemical, and pharmacological aspects of<jats:italic>Trapa bispinosa<\/jats:italic>Roxb, as a medicinal and nutritional food, are reviewed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/959830","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,10]],"date-time":"2014-02-10T16:02:27Z","timestamp":1392048147000},"page":"1-13","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["<i>Trapa bispinosa<\/i>Roxb.: A Review on Nutritional and Pharmacological Aspects"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2014","author":[{"given":"Prafulla","family":"Adkar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, JSPM\u2019s Jayawantrao Sawant College of Pharmacy and Research, Hadapsar, Pune,Maharashtra 411028, India"},{"name":"Post Graduates Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, JSPM\u2019s Jayawantrao Sawant College of Pharmacy and Research, Handewadi Road, Hadapsar, Pune, Maharashtra 411028, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amita","family":"Dongare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, JSPM\u2019s Jayawantrao Sawant College of Pharmacy and Research, Hadapsar, Pune,Maharashtra 411028, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shirishkumar","family":"Ambavade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, JSPM\u2019s Jayawantrao Sawant College of Pharmacy and Research, Hadapsar, Pune,Maharashtra 411028, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V. 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