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Despite the fact that they are composed of a wide range of different materials including titanium, polyetheretherketone, and elastomeric compounds, the aim of these devices is to unload spine, restoring foraminal height, and stabilize the spine by distracting the spinous processes. Although the initial reports represented the IPD as a safe, effective, and minimally invasive surgical alternative for relief of neurological symptoms in patients with low back degenerative diseases, recent studies have demonstrated less impressive clinical results and higher rate of failure than initially reported. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview on interspinous implants, their mechanisms of action, safety, cost, and effectiveness in the treatment of lumbar stenosis and degenerative disc diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/975052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,13]],"date-time":"2014-04-13T21:06:59Z","timestamp":1397423219000},"page":"1-15","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Controversies about Interspinous Process Devices in the Treatment of Degenerative Lumbar Spine Diseases: Past, Present, and Future"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2014","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1356-1846","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Roberto","family":"Gazzeri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, San Giovanni-Addolorata Hospital, Via Amba Aradam 9, 00184 Rome, 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