{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T14:58:19Z","timestamp":1770735499098,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background.<\/jats:italic>The objective is to analyze and compare Virginia suicide data from 2003 to 2012 to US suicide data.<jats:italic>Methods.<\/jats:italic>Suicide trends by method, age, gender, and race were obtained from Virginia\u2019s Office of the Chief Medical Examiner\u2019s annual reports.<jats:italic>Results.<\/jats:italic>Similar to US suicide rates, suicide rates in Virginia increased between 2003 and 2012 from 10.9\/100,000 people to 12.9\/100,000 people. The most common methods were firearm, asphyxia, and intentional drug overdose, respectively. The increase in asphyxia (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mi>r<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.77<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>\u2264<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.01<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) and decrease in CO poisoning (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mi>r<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mo>-<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.89<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>\u2264<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.01<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) were significant. Unlike national trends, intentional drug overdoses decreased (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\"><mml:mi>r<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mo>-<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.55<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.10<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). Handgun suicides increased (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\"><mml:mi>r<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.61<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M8\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.06<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) and are the most common method of firearm suicide. Hanging was the most common method of asphyxia. Helium suicides also increased (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M9\"><mml:mi>r<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.75<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M10\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). Middle age females and males comprise the largest percentage of suicide. Unlike national data, the increase in middle age male suicides occurred only in the 55\u201364-year-old age group (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M11\"><mml:mi>r<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.79<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M12\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>\u2264<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.01<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) and decreased in the 35\u201344-year-old age group (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M13\"><mml:mi>r<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mo>-<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.60<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M14\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.07<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) and 10\u201314-year-old age group (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M15\"><mml:mi>r<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mo>-<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.73<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M16\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.02<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). Suicide in all female age ranges remained stable. Caucasians represent the highest percentage of suicide.<jats:italic>Conclusion.<\/jats:italic>There has been a rise in suicide in Virginia and suicide rates and trends have closely resembled the national average albeit some differences. Suicide prevention needs to be enhanced.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/104036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]],"date-time":"2015-02-01T21:00:44Z","timestamp":1422824444000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["A Brief Analysis of Suicide Methods and Trends in Virginia from 2003 to 2012"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2015","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8204-6907","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sameer","family":"Hassamal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, P.O. 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