{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T14:48:33Z","timestamp":1778338113817,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Immunology Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Propionibacterium acnes<\/jats:italic>(<jats:italic>P. acnes<\/jats:italic>) is a gram-positive anaerobic bacillus present in normal human skin microbiota, which exerts important immunomodulatory effects, when used as heat- or phenol-killed suspensions. We previously demonstrated that heat-killed<jats:italic>P. acnes<\/jats:italic>or its soluble polysaccharide (PS), extracted from the bacterium cell wall, suppressed or potentiated the Th2 response to ovalbumin (OVA) in an immediate hypersensitivity model, depending on the treatment protocol. Herein, we investigated the mechanisms responsible for these effects, using the same model and focusing on the activation status of antigen-presenting cells (APCs). We verified that higher numbers of APCs expressing costimulatory molecules and higher expression levels of these molecules are probably related to potentiation of the Th2 response to OVA induced by<jats:italic>P. acnes<\/jats:italic>or PS, while higher expression of toll-like receptors (TLRs) seems to be related to Th2 suppression.<jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>cytokines production in cocultures of dendritic cells and T lymphocytes indicated that<jats:italic>P. acnes<\/jats:italic>and PS seem to perform their effects by acting directly on APCs. Our data suggest that<jats:italic>P. acnes<\/jats:italic>and PS directly act on APCs, modulating the expression of costimulatory molecules and TLRs, and these differently activated APCs drive distinct T helper patterns to OVA in our model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/132083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,20]],"date-time":"2015-04-20T21:02:17Z","timestamp":1429563737000},"page":"1-14","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Modulation of Th1\/Th2 Immune Responses by Killed<i>Propionibacterium acnes<\/i>and Its Soluble Polysaccharide Fraction in a Type I Hypersensitivity Murine Model: Induction of Different Activation Status of Antigen-Presenting Cells"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2015","author":[{"given":"Carla Cristina","family":"Squaiella-Baptist\u00e3o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunoqu\u00edmica, Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brazil 1500, Pr\u00e9dio Novo, 2\u00b0 Andar, Butant\u00e3, 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