{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T17:02:12Z","timestamp":1765040532700},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>. Nearly one-third of adults in India use tobacco, resulting in 1.2 million deaths. However, little is known about knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to smoking in the impoverished state of Uttarakhand.<jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. A cross-sectional epidemiological prevalence survey was undertaken. Multistage cluster sampling selected 20 villages and 50 households to survey from which 1853 people were interviewed. Tobacco prevalence and KAP were analyzed by income level, occupation, age, and sex. 95% confidence intervals were calculated using standard formulas and incorporating assumptions in relation to the clustering effect.<jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. The overall prevalence of tobacco usage, defined using WHO criteria, was 38.9%. 93% of smokers and 86% of tobacco chewers were male. Prevalence of tobacco use, controlling for other factors, was associated with lower education, older age, and male sex. 97.6% of users and 98.1% of nonusers wanted less tobacco. Except for lung cancer (89% awareness), awareness of diseases caused by tobacco usage was low (cardiac: 67%; infertility: 32.5%; stroke: 40.5%).<jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>. A dangerous combination of high tobacco usage prevalence, ignorance about its dangers, and few quit attempts being made suggests the need to develop effective and evidence based interventions to prevent a health and development disaster in Uttarakhand.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/132120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,27]],"date-time":"2015-07-27T21:01:53Z","timestamp":1438030913000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Tobacco Usage in Uttarakhand: A Dangerous Combination of High Prevalence, Widespread Ignorance, and Resistance to Quitting"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2015","author":[{"given":"Nathan John","family":"Grills","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Nossal Institute for Global Health, University of Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rajesh","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GCDWS, Chamba Hospital, Uttarakhand, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rajkumari","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GCDWS, Chamba Hospital, Uttarakhand, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bradley C.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Nossal Institute for Global Health, University of Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"98","reference":[{"key":"1","year":"2004"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61766-8"},{"key":"3","year":"2003"},{"key":"4","year":"2003"},{"key":"5","year":"2008"},{"key":"6","year":"1996"},{"key":"7","year":"2010"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.284692"},{"issue":"1","key":"9","first-page":"48","volume":"81","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.4797.1271"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-0218.62551"},{"key":"12","series-title":"Proceedings of the UICC Workshop, \u2018Tobacco or Health\u2019","volume-title":"Studies on tobacco specific nitrosamines and other carcinogenic agents in smokeless tobacco products","year":"2010"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2011.05131.x"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.12.4.e4"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030442"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bmb.a011519"},{"key":"17","volume":"1","year":"2007"},{"key":"18","year":"2004"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-8-97"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-509x.63865"},{"issue":"1","key":"21","first-page":"15","volume":"124","year":"2006","journal-title":"The Indian Journal of Medical Research"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.2004.045039"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.328.7443.801"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2013.00035"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.2008.026732"},{"issue":"4","key":"26","first-page":"637","volume":"9","year":"2008","journal-title":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.2011.043539"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011365"}],"container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2015\/132120.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2015\/132120.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2015\/132120.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,27]],"date-time":"2016-07-27T11:58:47Z","timestamp":1469620727000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2015\/132120\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"references-count":28,"alternative-id":["132120","132120"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2015\/132120","relation":{},"ISSN":["2314-6133","2314-6141"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2314-6133","type":"print"},{"value":"2314-6141","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015]]}}}