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Many areas of Brazil show low endemicity of schistosomiasis, and the current standard parasitological techniques are not sufficiently sensitive to detect the low-level helminth infections common in areas of low endemicity (ALEs). This study compared the Kato-Katz (KK); Hoffman, Pons, and Janer (HH); enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay- (ELISA-) IgG and ELISA-IgM; indirect immunofluorescence technique (IFT-IgM); and qPCR techniques for schistosomiasis detection in serum and fecal samples, using the circumoval precipitin test (COPT) as reference. An epidemiological survey was conducted in a randomized sample of residents from five neighborhoods of Barra Mansa, RJ, with 610 fecal and 612 serum samples. ELISA-IgM (21.4%) showed the highest positivity and HH and KK techniques were the least sensitive (0.8%). All techniques except qPCR-serum showed high accuracy (82\u201395.5%), differed significantly from COPT in positivity<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mrow><mml:mfenced separators=\"|\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:mfenced><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>, and showed poor agreement with COPT. Medium agreement was seen with ELISA-IgG (Kappa = 0.377) and IFA (Kappa = 0.347). Parasitological techniques showed much lower positivity rates than those by other techniques. We suggest the possibility of using a combination of laboratory tools for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis in ALEs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/135689","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,4]],"date-time":"2015-10-04T21:03:41Z","timestamp":1443992621000},"page":"1-16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Comparative Study of the Accuracy of Different Techniques for the Laboratory Diagnosis of Schistosomiasis Mansoni in Areas of Low Endemicity in Barra Mansa City, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2015","author":[{"given":"Maria Cristina Carvalho","family":"Esp\u00edrito-Santo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases and Laboratory of Immunopathology of Schistosomiasis (LIM-06), School of Medicine, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, 05403-000 S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"University Center of Volta Redonda, 27240-560 Volta Redonda, RJ, 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