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Impaired autoregulatory capacity of ocular blood vessels may render tissues vulnerable to OPP changes and potentially harmful tissue ischemia-reperfusion damage. Vascular risk factors should be considered more important in a subgroup of patients with POAG, and especially in patients with normal tension glaucoma (NTG) with evidence of unphysiological BP response. For example, reduction of BP during the nighttime has an influence on OPP, and increased circadian OPP fluctuation, which might stand for unstable ocular blood flow, has been found to be the consistent risk factor for NTG development and progression. Central visual field may be affected more severely than peripheral visual field in NTG patients with higher 24-hour fluctuation of OPP. This review will discuss the current understanding of allegedly major systemic and ocular hemodynamic risk factors for glaucoma including systemic hypertension, arterial stiffness, antihypertensive medication, exaggerated nocturnal hypotension, OPP, and autonomic dysregulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/141905","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,18]],"date-time":"2015-10-18T17:01:17Z","timestamp":1445187677000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":93,"title":["Systemic and Ocular Hemodynamic Risk Factors in Glaucoma"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2015","author":[{"given":"Jaewan","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Seoul Eye Center, 224 Ichon-ro, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04427, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Kook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2005.081224"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9394(98)00223-2"},{"issue":"4","key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(00)00538-9","volume":"130","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0161-6420(01)00873-9"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.121.1.48"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.01.047"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.10.007"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0114935"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-15953"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-15869"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1350-9462(02)00008-3"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(88)90118-3"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.78.6.449"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-6257(94)90041-8"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ohc.2005.04.001"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms16010823"},{"issue":"1","key":"17","first-page":"S3","volume":"6","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Hypertension. 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