{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T17:47:43Z","timestamp":1783619263707,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TG-CTS110007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TG-CTS110007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSF PHY-0941576"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSF PHY-0941576"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSF-1149365"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSF-1149365"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TG-CTS110007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TG-CTS110007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSF PHY-0941576"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSF PHY-0941576"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSF-1149365"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSF-1149365"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TG-CTS110007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TG-CTS110007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSF PHY-0941576"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSF PHY-0941576"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSF-1149365"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSF-1149365"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Scientific Programming"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Dimensionality reduction refers to a set of mathematical techniques used to reduce complexity of the original high-dimensional data, while preserving its selected properties. Improvements in simulation strategies and experimental data collection methods are resulting in a deluge of heterogeneous and high-dimensional data, which often makes dimensionality reduction the only viable way to gain qualitative and quantitative understanding of the data. However, existing dimensionality reduction software often does not scale to datasets arising in real-life applications, which may consist of thousands of points with millions of dimensions. In this paper, we propose a parallel framework for dimensionality reduction of large-scale data. We identify key components underlying the spectral dimensionality reduction techniques, and propose their efficient parallel implementation. We show that the resulting framework can be used to process datasets consisting of millions of points when executed on a 16,000-core cluster, which is beyond the reach of currently available methods. To further demonstrate applicability of our framework we perform dimensionality reduction of 75,000 images representing morphology evolution during manufacturing of organic solar cells in order to identify how processing parameters affect morphology evolution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/180214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,10]],"date-time":"2015-03-10T17:33:10Z","timestamp":1426008790000},"page":"1-12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Parallel Framework for Dimensionality Reduction of Large-Scale Datasets"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2015","author":[{"given":"Sai Kiranmayee","family":"Samudrala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30080, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaroslaw","family":"Zola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14620, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14620, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srinivas","family":"Aluru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computational Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baskar","family":"Ganapathysubramanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"39","volume-title":"Atmospheric turbulence and radio wave propagation","year":"1967"},{"key":"57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.290.5500.2319"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/72.914517"},{"key":"15","year":"1983"},{"issue":"1","key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02289565","volume":"29","year":"1964","journal-title":"Psychometrika"},{"issue":"2","key":"54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02289630","volume":"27","year":"1962","journal-title":"Psychometrika"},{"issue":"4","key":"58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02288916","volume":"17","year":"1952","journal-title":"Psychometrika"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.290.5500.2323"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5591","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1031596100","volume":"100","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/t-c.1969.222678"},{"key":"34","year":"2001"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/72.554199"},{"key":"55","first-page":"705","volume-title":"Global versus local methods in nonlinear dimensionality reduction","volume":"15","year":"2002"},{"key":"59","first-page":"2579","volume":"9","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Machine Learning Research"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cmb.2008.0221"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tvcg.2008.85"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-39351-3"},{"key":"6","year":"1950"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2011.07.005"},{"key":"64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orgel.2012.03.007"},{"key":"36","year":"1978"},{"key":"23","year":"1996"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parco.2004.12.007"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/089976603321780317"},{"issue":"2","key":"52","first-page":"119","volume":"4","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Machine Learning Research"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6028\/jres.045.026"},{"key":"49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2007504"},{"issue":"2","key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1137\/0710035","volume":"10","year":"1973","journal-title":"SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis"},{"key":"61","year":"1965"},{"key":"24"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jpdc.1995.1068"},{"key":"51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tpds.2010.65"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/bfb0055823"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parco.2009.12.002"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpdc.2012.02.007"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/26.87189"},{"key":"4","year":"2010"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-4655(96)00017-3"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1186785.1186788"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1089014.1089019"},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2427023.2427030"},{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocs.2011.05.002"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/050623280"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/bf01935650"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12921\/cmst.2010.si.01.81-97"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.200802854"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jstqe.2010.2048892"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b510618b"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2009.69"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ar900065j"},{"key":"53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1345834"},{"key":"62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2011.04.012"},{"key":"63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.commatsci.2011.12.012"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja0428917"}],"container-title":["Scientific Programming"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/sp\/2015\/180214.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/sp\/2015\/180214.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/sp\/2015\/180214.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,23]],"date-time":"2017-06-23T03:03:15Z","timestamp":1498186995000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/sp\/2015\/180214\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"references-count":54,"alternative-id":["180214","180214"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2015\/180214","relation":{},"ISSN":["1058-9244","1875-919X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1058-9244","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-919X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015]]}}}