{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T11:46:31Z","timestamp":1788781591435,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Case Reports in Emergency Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>There is no specific antidote for intoxication with synthetic cannabinoids. In this case series, we considered the efficiency of intravenous lipid emulsion therapy in four cases, who presented to emergency department with synthetic cannabinoid (bonzai) intoxication. The first patient had a GCS of 3 and a left bundle branch block on electrocardiography. The electrocardiography revealed sinus rhythm with normal QRS width after the treatment. The second patient had bradycardia, hypotension, and a GCS of 14. After intravenous lipid emulsion therapy, the bradycardia resolved, and the patient\u2019s GCS improved to 15. The third patient presented with a GCS of 8, and had hypotension and bradycardia. After the treatment, not only did the bradycardia resolve, but also the GCS improved to 15. The fourth patient, whose electrocardiography revealed accelerated junctional rhythm, had a GCS of 13. The patient\u2019s rhythm was sinus after the treatment. Cardiovascular recovery was seen in all four cases, and neurological recovery was also seen in three of them. Based on the fact that intravenous lipid emulsion is beneficial in patients intoxicated with lipophilic drugs, unstable patients presenting to the emergency department with acute synthetic cannabinoid intoxication may be candidates for intravenous lipid emulsion treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/180921","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,11]],"date-time":"2015-05-11T21:05:01Z","timestamp":1431378301000},"page":"1-5","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Intravenous Lipid Emulsion Therapy for Acute Synthetic Cannabinoid Intoxication: Clinical Experience in Four Cases"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2015","author":[{"given":"G\u00f6khan","family":"Aksel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Emergency Medicine Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00d6zlem","family":"G\u00fcneysel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Kartal Education and Research Hospital, Emergency Medicine Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanju","family":"Ta\u015fy\u00fcrek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Emergency Medicine Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erg\u00fcl","family":"Kozan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Kartal Education and Research Hospital, Emergency Medicine Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u015eebnem Eren","family":"\u00c7evik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Emergency Medicine Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"98","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2012.03.007"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2012.07.061"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.2014.0139"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2013.03.041"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15563650903544124"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13181-013-0356-1"},{"key":"7","first-page":"41","volume":"96","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rhode Island Medical Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.2174\/2210676611303020003","volume":"3","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.03.053"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.178.2.101"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2007.05065.x"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-6723.2011.01398.x"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.971069"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tacc.2013.04.001"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1757-7241-18-51"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199804000-00028"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2010.04.009"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/aln.0b013e31828ce74d"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/aln.0000000000000142"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15389580902995380"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2014.05.019"}],"container-title":["Case Reports in Emergency Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/criem\/2015\/180921.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/criem\/2015\/180921.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/criem\/2015\/180921.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,23]],"date-time":"2017-06-23T11:23:38Z","timestamp":1498217018000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/criem\/2015\/180921\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"references-count":21,"alternative-id":["180921","180921"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2015\/180921","relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-648X","2090-6498"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2090-648X","type":"print"},{"value":"2090-6498","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015]]}}}