{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T13:46:33Z","timestamp":1778507193095,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Biomedical Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) systems provide fast and reliable diagnosis for medical images. In this paper, CAD system is proposed to analyze and automatically segment the lungs and classify each lung into normal or cancer. Using 70 different patients\u2019 lung CT dataset, Wiener filtering on the original CT images is applied firstly as a preprocessing step. Secondly, we combine histogram analysis with thresholding and morphological operations to segment the lung regions and extract each lung separately. Amplitude-Modulation Frequency-Modulation (AM-FM) method thirdly, has been used to extract features for ROIs. Then, the significant AM-FM features have been selected using Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) for classification step. Finally,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>K<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>-nearest neighbour (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>K<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>NN), support vector machine (SVM), na\u00efve Bayes, and linear classifiers have been used with the selected AM-FM features. The performance of each classifier in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity is evaluated. The results indicate that our proposed CAD system succeeded to differentiate between normal and cancer lungs and achieved 95% accuracy in case of the linear classifier.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/230830","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,16]],"date-time":"2015-09-16T03:09:08Z","timestamp":1442372948000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Automatic Classification of Normal and Cancer Lung CT Images Using Multiscale AM-FM Features"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2015","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2217-7213","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Eman","family":"Magdy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer and Systems Department, Electronic Research Institute, Giza 12611, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nourhan","family":"Zayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer and Systems Department, Electronic Research Institute, Giza 12611, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Fakhr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer and Systems Department, Electronic Research Institute, Giza 12611, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.02.00280002"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-36841-0_610"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/42.929615"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1076-6332(03)00380-5"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2008.02.004"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3222872"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0531-5131(03)00388-1"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2004.06.005"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/401201"},{"issue":"1, article 1","key":"11","volume":"6","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Medical Informatics"},{"issue":"2","key":"12","volume":"9","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Computer Science Issues"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2003.11.024"},{"issue":"3","key":"16","volume":"2","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2013.10.011"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7937\/K9\/TCIA.2015.UZLSU3FL"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2010.2040446"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11752790_2"},{"key":"25","year":"1997"},{"key":"26","year":"2011"},{"key":"27","first-page":"51","volume-title":"Medical-image processing and analysis for CAD systems","year":"2005"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Biomedical Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijbi\/2015\/230830.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijbi\/2015\/230830.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijbi\/2015\/230830.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,27]],"date-time":"2016-07-27T07:57:28Z","timestamp":1469606248000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijbi\/2015\/230830\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"references-count":20,"alternative-id":["230830","230830"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2015\/230830","relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-4188","1687-4196"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1687-4188","type":"print"},{"value":"1687-4196","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015]]}}}