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After the creation of experimental varicocele (28 days), adolescent male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to one of the following treatments lasting 21 days: vehicle, PDRN (8\u2009mg\/kg\u2009i.p., daily), PDRN + 3,7-dimethyl-propargylxanthine (DMPX, a specific adenosine A2A-receptor antagonist, 0.1\u2009mg\/kg\u2009i.p., daily), varicocelectomy, and varicocelectomy + PDRN (8\u2009mg\/kg\u2009i.p., daily). Sham-operated animals were used as controls. Animals were then euthanized and testis expression of NAIP and survivin was evaluated through qRT-PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemical analysis. Spermatogenetic activity was also assessed. NAIP and survivin expressions were significantly reduced following varicocele induction when compared to sham animals whereas PDRN-treated rats showed an increase in NAIP and survivin levels. Immunohistochemistry revealed an enhanced expression of NAIP and survivin with a characteristic pattern of cellular localization following PDRN treatment. Moreover, administration of PDRN significantly restored spermatogenic function in varicocele rats. PDRN may represent a rational therapeutic option for accelerating recovery from depressed testicular function through a strategic modulation of apoptosis in experimental varicocele.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/248976","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,5]],"date-time":"2015-08-05T02:28:17Z","timestamp":1438741697000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Role of Inhibitors of Apoptosis Proteins in Testicular Function and Male Fertility: Effects of Polydeoxyribonucleotide Administration in Experimental Varicocele"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2015","author":[{"given":"Letteria","family":"Minutoli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, AOU Policlinico \u201cG. 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