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While physical exercise reduces pain and improves muscle function, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Nitric oxide (NO) signaling is important in modulating cellular function, and a dysfunctional neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) may contribute to an ineffective muscle function. This study investigated nNOS expression and localization in chronically painful muscle. Forty-one women clinically diagnosed with trapezius myalgia (MYA) and 18 healthy controls (CON) were included in the case-control study. Subsequently, MYA were randomly assigned to either 10 weeks of specific strength training (SST,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>18<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), general fitness training (GFT,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>15<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), or health information (REF,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>8<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). Distribution of fiber type, cross-sectional area, and sarcolemmal nNOS expression did not differ between MYA and CON. However, MYA showed increased sarcoplasmic nNOS localization (18.8\u2009\u00b1\u200912 versus 12.8\u2009\u00b1\u20098%,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.049<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) compared with CON. SST resulted in a decrease of sarcoplasm-localized nNOS following training (before 18.1\u2009\u00b1\u200912 versus after 12.0\u2009\u00b1\u200912%;<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>,027). We demonstrate that myalgic muscle displays altered nNOS localization and that 10 weeks of strength training normalize these disruptions, which supports previous findings of impaired muscle oxygenation during work tasks and reduced pain following exercise.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/265278","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,17]],"date-time":"2015-03-17T22:34:30Z","timestamp":1426631670000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Is Dislocated in Type I Fibers of Myalgic Muscle but Can Recover with Physical Exercise Training"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2015","author":[{"given":"L.","family":"Jensen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Research, Pathology and SDU Muscle Research Cluster, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. 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