{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T04:53:29Z","timestamp":1648788809203},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Applied Mathematics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The semantic-based facial image-retrieval system is concerned with the process of retrieving facial images based on the semantic information of query images and database images. The image-retrieval systems discussed in the literature have some drawbacks that degrade the performance of facial image retrieval. To reduce the drawbacks in the existing techniques, we propose an efficient semantic-based facial image-retrieval (SFIR) system using APSO and squared Euclidian distance (SED). The proposed technique consists of three stages: feature extraction, optimization, and image retrieval. Initially, the features are extracted from the database images. Low-level features (shape, color, and texture) and high-level features (face, mouth, nose, left eye, and right eye) are the two features used in the feature-extraction process. In the second stage, a semantic gap between these features is reduced by a well-known adaptive particle swarm optimization (APSO) technique. Afterward, a squared Euclidian distance (SED) measure will be utilized to retrieve the face images that have less distance with the query image. The proposed semantic-based facial image-retrieval (SFIR) system with APSO-SED will be implemented in working platform of MATLAB, and the performance will be analyzed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/284378","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,9]],"date-time":"2015-09-09T03:46:18Z","timestamp":1441770378000},"page":"1-12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Semantic-Based Facial Image-Retrieval System with Aid of Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization and Squared Euclidian Distance"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2015","author":[{"given":"Manikandan","family":"Kalimuthu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sri Krishna College of Engineering & Technology, Coimbatore 641008, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilango","family":"Krishnamurthi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sri Krishna College of Engineering & Technology, Coimbatore 641008, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"98","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"14","first-page":"247","volume":"1","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering"},{"issue":"1","key":"17","first-page":"47","volume":"2","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering"},{"issue":"1","key":"2","first-page":"180","volume":"1","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sinhgad Institute of Management and Computer Application"},{"issue":"3","key":"7","volume":"2","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal of Artificial Intelligence & Applications"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2011.03.021"},{"issue":"3","key":"9","first-page":"5105","volume":"3","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Engineering and Computer Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"5","first-page":"15","volume":"2","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Research in Computer and Communication Technology"},{"issue":"1","key":"20","first-page":"1","volume":"12","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Reviews in Computing"},{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tmm.2013.2242460"},{"issue":"3","key":"11","first-page":"101","volume":"6","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Processing and Pattern Recognition"},{"issue":"2","key":"8","first-page":"1622","volume":"5","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technologies"},{"issue":"3","key":"10","first-page":"20","volume":"10","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cybernetics and Information Technologies"},{"issue":"3","key":"13","first-page":"124","volume":"4","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5121\/sipij.2012.3306"},{"issue":"11","key":"19","first-page":"6","volume":"1","year":"2010","journal-title":"American Journal of Scientific Research"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0926-6410(03)00131-9"},{"issue":"5","key":"12","first-page":"12580","volume":"3","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2010.2049842"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcss.2011.10.013"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tpami.2013.145"},{"issue":"1","key":"16","first-page":"745","volume":"2","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology"},{"issue":"3","key":"4","first-page":"404","volume":"19","year":"2012","journal-title":"World Applied Sciences Journal"}],"container-title":["Journal of Applied Mathematics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jam\/2015\/284378.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jam\/2015\/284378.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jam\/2015\/284378.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,18]],"date-time":"2016-08-18T12:51:00Z","timestamp":1471524660000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/jam\/2015\/284378\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"references-count":22,"alternative-id":["284378","284378"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2015\/284378","relation":{},"ISSN":["1110-757X","1687-0042"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1110-757X","type":"print"},{"value":"1687-0042","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015]]}}}