{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T12:07:55Z","timestamp":1783512475602,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Diabetes Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Objective<\/jats:italic>. This study investigates the association of homocysteine and cortisol with psychological factors in type 2 diabetic patients.<jats:italic>Method<\/jats:italic>. Homocysteine, cortisol, and psychological variables were analyzed from 131 diabetic patients. Psychological factors were assessed with the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), Hostility and Direction of Hostility Questionnaire (HDHQ), the Symptom Checklist 90-R (SCL 90-R), the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (ZDRS), and the Maudsley O-C Inventory Questionnaire (MOCI). Blood samples were taken by measuring homocysteine and cortisol in both subgroups during the initial phase of the study (<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>0). One year later (<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>1), the uncontrolled diabetic patients were reevaluated with the use of the same psychometric instruments and with an identical blood analysis.<jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. The relation of psychoticism and homocysteine is positive among controlled diabetic patients (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>value =<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mn>0.006<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05<\/mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mml:mo><\/mml:math>and negative among uncontrolled ones (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>value = 0.137). Higher values of cortisol correspond to lower scores on extraversion subscale<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>r<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mo>-<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.223<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>value = 0.010). Controlled diabetic patients showed a statistically significant negative relationship between homocysteine and the act-out hostility subscale<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>r<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>sp<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mo>-<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.247<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.023<\/mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mml:mo><\/mml:math>. There is a statistically significant relationship between homocysteine and somatization<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\"><mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>r<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>sp<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mo>-<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.220<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.043<\/mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mml:mo><\/mml:math>.<jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>. These findings support the notion that homocysteine and cortisol are related to trait and state psychological factors in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/354923","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]],"date-time":"2015-02-01T21:01:23Z","timestamp":1422824483000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Homocysteine, Cortisol, Diabetes Mellitus, and Psychopathology"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2015","author":[{"given":"K.","family":"Kontoangelos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Psychiatry, Athens University Medical School, Eginition Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"University Mental Health Research Institute, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. C.","family":"Papageorgiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Psychiatry, Athens University Medical School, Eginition Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"University Mental Health Research Institute, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. E.","family":"Raptis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, Athens University Medical School, Attikon University Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Tsiotra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hellenic National Center for Research, Prevention and Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications (HNDC), 10675 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Lambadiari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, Athens University Medical School, Attikon University Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. N.","family":"Papadimitriou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Psychiatry, Athens University Medical School, Eginition Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. D.","family":"Rabavilas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Mental Health Research Institute, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Dimitriadis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, Athens University Medical School, Attikon University Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. A.","family":"Raptis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, Athens University Medical School, Attikon University Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Hellenic National Center for Research, Prevention and Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications (HNDC), 10675 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"98","reference":[{"issue":"15","key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa060900","volume":"354","year":"2006","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(03)00032-8"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.55.3.437"},{"key":"4","first-page":"187","volume":"60","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Neural Transmission, Supplement"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1997.01830220033006"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jgp.0000246869.49892.77"},{"issue":"8","key":"7","first-page":"CR457","volume":"10","year":"2004","journal-title":"Medical Science Monitor"},{"issue":"1","key":"8","first-page":"41","volume":"33","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0899-9007(01)00803-6"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2004.11.003"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0378-3782(03)00074-4"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0165-1781(02)00192-0"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(88)90037-6"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0006-3223(03)00473-6"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0306-9877(02)00244-x"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-2540"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.184.47.s72"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13651501.2012.697563"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/560864"},{"key":"20","year":"1975"},{"key":"21","first-page":"41","volume":"23","year":"1986","journal-title":"Engefalos"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.106.443.599","volume":"106","year":"1960","journal-title":"The Journal of Mental Science"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291700048017"},{"key":"24","first-page":"42","volume":"2","year":"1991","journal-title":"Psychiatriki"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(77)90042-0"},{"key":"26","first-page":"463","volume":"11","year":"1974","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1965.01720310065008"},{"key":"28","volume":"1, article 6","year":"2001","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0167-4943(98)00004-1"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2009.10.001"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2009.01.013"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/epi.13.22"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40291-013-0017-8"},{"issue":"7","key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2005.06.026","volume":"29","year":"2005","journal-title":"Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1819.2005.01425.x"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1969.01740140054006"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2003.12.003"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2005.02.020"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-199107000-00004"},{"issue":"2","key":"40","first-page":"RA35","volume":"9","year":"2003","journal-title":"Medical Science Monitor"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5278.58918"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1989.01810030049007"}],"container-title":["Journal of Diabetes Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jdr\/2015\/354923.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jdr\/2015\/354923.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jdr\/2015\/354923.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,20]],"date-time":"2019-08-20T11:53:07Z","timestamp":1566301987000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/jdr\/2015\/354923\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["354923","354923"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2015\/354923","relation":{},"ISSN":["2314-6745","2314-6753"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2314-6745","type":"print"},{"value":"2314-6753","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015]]}}}