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In this study we constructed recombinant BCG producing human IL-18 (rBCGhIL-18) and investigated whether human IL-18 produced by rBCGhIL-18 modulates DC functions and enhances Th1 responses to mycobacterial antigens in humans. We found that the costimulatory CD86 and CD80 molecules were significantly upregulated on rBCGhIL-18-infected DCs, whereas the stimulation of DCs with nonrecombinant BCG was less effective. In contrast, both BCG strains decreased the DC-SIGN expression on human DCs. The rBCGhIL-18 increased IL-23, IL-10, and IP-10 production by DCs to a greater extent than nonrecombinant BCG. In a coculture system of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells and loaded DCs, rBCGhIL-18 favoured strong IFN-<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>but also IL-10 production by naive T cells but not by memory T cells. This was much less the case for nonrecombinant BCG. Thus the expression of IL-18 by recombinant BCG increases IL-23, IP-10, and IL-10 expression by human DCs and enhances their ability to induce IFN-<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>and IL-10 expression by naive T cells, without affecting the maturation phenotype of the DCs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/359153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,4]],"date-time":"2015-08-04T06:27:07Z","timestamp":1438669627000},"page":"1-13","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Dendritic Cell Activity Driven by Recombinant<i>Mycobacterium bovis<\/i>BCG Producing Human IL-18, in Healthy BCG Vaccinated Adults"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2015","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0189-7652","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Piotr","family":"Szpakowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, University of Lodz, Banacha Street 12\/19, 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