{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T05:03:12Z","timestamp":1791176592174,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Obesity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background\/Objectives<\/jats:italic>. Vagal block therapy (vBloc) is effective for moderate to severe obesity at one year.<jats:italic>Subjects\/Methods<\/jats:italic>. The ReCharge trial is a double-blind, randomized controlled clinical trial of 239 participants with body mass index (BMI) of 40 to 45\u2009kg\/m or 35 to 40\u2009kg\/m with one or more obesity-related conditions. Interventions were implantation of either vBloc or Sham devices and weight management counseling. Mixed models assessed percent excess weight loss (%EWL) and total weight loss (%TWL) in intent-to-treat analyses. At 18 months, 142 (88%) vBloc and 64 (83%) Sham patients remained enrolled in the study.<jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. 18-month weight loss was 23% EWL (8.8% TWL) for vBloc and 10% EWL (3.8% TWL) for Sham (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.0001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). vBloc patients largely maintained 12-month weight loss of 26% EWL (9.7% TWL). Sham regained over 40% of the 17% EWL (6.4% TWL) by 18 months. Most weight regain preceded unblinding. Common adverse events of vBloc through 18 months were heartburn\/dyspepsia and abdominal pain; 98% of events were reported as mild or moderate and 79% had resolved.<jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>. Weight loss with vBloc was sustained through 18 months, while Sham regained weight between 12 and 18 months. vBloc is effective with a low rate of serious complications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/365604","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,12]],"date-time":"2015-07-12T21:00:58Z","timestamp":1436734858000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Sustained Weight Loss with Vagal Nerve Blockade but Not with Sham: 18-Month Results of the ReCharge Trial"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2015","author":[{"given":"Scott A.","family":"Shikora","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA"},{"name":"EnteroMedics Inc., 2800 Patton Road, St. Paul, MN 55113, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce M.","family":"Wolfe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline M.","family":"Apovian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Boston University School of Medicine, 88 East Newton Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehran","family":"Anvari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S4L8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David B.","family":"Sarwer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Psychiatry and Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert D.","family":"Gibbons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sayeed","family":"Ikramuddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, University of Minnesota Medical Center, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3D Communications LLC, 8386 Six Forks Road, Raleigh, NC 27615, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark B.","family":"Knudson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EnteroMedics Inc., 2800 Patton Road, St. Paul, MN 55113, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine S.","family":"Tweden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EnteroMedics Inc., 2800 Patton Road, St. Paul, MN 55113, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael G.","family":"Sarr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterologic and General Surgery, Mayo Clinic Rochester, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles J.","family":"Billington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota Veterans\u2019 Administration Medical Center, One Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"98","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.10540"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/245683"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-012-0751-8"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3310\/hta13410"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2008.03.015"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000133083.54934.ae"},{"key":"7","year":"2006"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soard.2012.10.007"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa0900429"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200903-0354oc"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa1305189"}],"container-title":["Journal of Obesity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jobe\/2015\/365604.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jobe\/2015\/365604.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jobe\/2015\/365604.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,18]],"date-time":"2016-08-18T16:40:16Z","timestamp":1471538416000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/jobe\/2015\/365604\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"references-count":11,"alternative-id":["365604","365604"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2015\/365604","relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-0708","2090-0716"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2090-0708","type":"print"},{"value":"2090-0716","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015]]}}}