{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T18:28:20Z","timestamp":1791311300492,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,9]],"date-time":"2015-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1439078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":220,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004271","name":"Sapienza Universit\u00e0 di Roma","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004271","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mediators of Inflammation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Several studies have attempted to relate the <jats:italic>C. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\u2010mediated inflammatory state with atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, providing inconsistent results. Therefore, we performed a meta\u2010analysis to clarify whether <jats:italic>C. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> may contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis by enhancing inflammation. 12 case\u2010control, 6 cross\u2010sectional, and 7 prospective studies with a total of 10,176 patients have been included in this meta\u2010analysis. Odds Ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval was used to assess the seroprevalence of <jats:italic>C. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> and differences between levels of inflammatory markers were assessed by standard mean differences. Publication bias was performed to ensure the statistical power. hsCRP, fibrinogen, interleukin\u2010 (IL\u2010) 6, TNF\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>, and IFN\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic> showed a significant increase in patients with atherosclerosis compared to healthy controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05), along with a higher seroprevalence of <jats:italic>C. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> (OR of 3.11, 95% CI: 2.88\u20133.36, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). More interestingly, hsCRP, IL\u20106, and fibrinogen levels were significantly higher in <jats:italic>C. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> IgA seropositive compared to seronegative atherosclerotic patients (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.0001). In conclusion, the present meta\u2010analysis suggests that <jats:italic>C. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> infection may contribute to atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases by enhancing the inflammatory state, and, in particular, seropositivity to <jats:italic>C. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> IgA, together with hsCRP, fibrinogen, and IL\u20106, may be predictive of atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/378658","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,9]],"date-time":"2015-08-09T21:04:09Z","timestamp":1439154249000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["<i>Chlamydia pneumoniae<\/i>\u2010Mediated Inflammation in Atherosclerosis: A 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