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To date, it is unclear whether both mutations may have an impact on the circulating cytokine patterns. In the present study, cytokines involved in the Th1-, Th2-, and T regulatory (T-reg) response, as well as chemokines, were investigated in<jats:italic>MECP2<\/jats:italic>- (<jats:italic>MECP2<\/jats:italic>-RTT) (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>16<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) and<jats:italic>CDKL5<\/jats:italic>-Rett syndrome (<jats:italic>CDKL5<\/jats:italic>-RTT) (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>8<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), before and after<jats:italic>\u03c9<\/jats:italic>-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) supplementation. A major cytokine dysregulation was evidenced in untreated RTT patients. In<jats:italic>MECP2<\/jats:italic>-RTT, a Th2-shifted balance was evidenced, whereas in<jats:italic>CDKL5<\/jats:italic>-RTT both Th1- and Th2-related cytokines (except for IL-4) were upregulated. In<jats:italic>MECP2<\/jats:italic>-RTT, decreased levels of IL-22 were observed, whereas increased IL-22 and T-reg cytokine levels were evidenced in<jats:italic>CDKL5<\/jats:italic>-RTT. Chemokines were unchanged. The cytokine dysregulation was proportional to clinical severity, inflammatory status, and redox imbalance. Omega-3 PUFAs partially counterbalanced cytokine changes, as well as aberrant redox homeostasis and the inflammatory status. RTT is associated with a subclinical immune dysregulation as the likely consequence of a defective inflammation regulatory signaling system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/421624","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,8]],"date-time":"2015-07-08T21:02:53Z","timestamp":1436389373000},"page":"1-18","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Cytokine Dysregulation in<i>MECP2<\/i>- and<i>CDKL5<\/i>-Related Rett Syndrome: Relationships with Aberrant Redox Homeostasis, Inflammation, and<i>\u03c9<\/i>-3 PUFAs"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2015","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7027-1207","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Silvia","family":"Leoncini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, University Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese (AOUS), Policlinico \u201cS. 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