{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T11:53:26Z","timestamp":1765886006846},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Parasitology Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Trehalose and glycogen metabolism plays an important role in supporting life processes in many nematodes, including<jats:italic>Anisakis simplex<\/jats:italic>. Nematodes, cosmopolitan helminths parasitizing sea mammals and humans, cause a disease known as anisakiasis. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of genes encoding the enzymes involved in the metabolism of trehalose and glycogen\u2014trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS), trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (TPP), glycogen synthase (GS), and glycogen phosphorylase (GP)\u2014in stage L3 and stage L4 larvae of<jats:italic>A. simplex<\/jats:italic>. The expression of mRNA all four genes,<jats:italic>tps<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>tpp<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>gs,<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>gp<\/jats:italic>, was examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The<jats:italic>A. simplex<\/jats:italic>ribosomal gene (<jats:italic>18S<\/jats:italic>) was used as a reference gene. Enzymatic activity was determined. The expression of trehalose enzyme genes was higher in L3 than in L4 larvae, but an inverse relationship was noted for the expression of<jats:italic>gs<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>gp<\/jats:italic>genes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/438145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,10]],"date-time":"2015-12-10T02:00:52Z","timestamp":1449712852000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Expression of Genes Encoding the Enzymes for Glycogen and Trehalose Metabolism in L3 and L4 Larvae of<i>Anisakis simplex<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2015","author":[{"given":"E.","family":"\u0141opie\u0144ska-Biernat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-917 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E. A.","family":"Zaobidna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-917 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Dmitryjuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-917 Olsztyn, 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