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In peripheral tissues, Treg cells and immunomodulatory molecules, like the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class Ib molecules, are essential for maintenance of autotolerance during immune responses. Viral infections can trigger autoimmunity and modify thymic function, and YFV17D immunization has been associated with the onset of autoimmunity, being contraindicated in patients with thymic disorders. Aiming to study the influence of YFV17D immunization on the transcriptional profiles of immunomodulatory genes in thymus, we evaluated the gene expression of<jats:italic>AIRE, FOXP3, H2-Q7<\/jats:italic>(Qa-2\/HLA-G),<jats:italic>H2-T23<\/jats:italic>(Qa-1\/HLA-E),<jats:italic>H2-Q10<\/jats:italic>, and<jats:italic>H2-K1<\/jats:italic>following immunization with 10,000 LD<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>of YFV17D in C57BL\/6 and BALB\/c mice. The YFV17D virus replicated in thymus and induced the expression of<jats:italic>H2-Q7<\/jats:italic>(Qa-2\/HLA-G) and<jats:italic>H2-T23<\/jats:italic>(Qa-1\/HLA-E) transcripts and repressed the expression of<jats:italic>AIRE<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>FOXP3<\/jats:italic>. Transcriptional expression varied according to tissue and mouse strain analyzed. Expression of<jats:italic>H2-T23<\/jats:italic>(Qa-1\/HLA-E) and<jats:italic>FOXP3<\/jats:italic>was induced in thymus and liver of C57BL\/6 mice, which exhibited defective control of viral load, suggesting a higher susceptibility to YFV17D infection. Since the immunization with YFV17D modulated thymus gene expression in genetically predisposed individuals, the vaccine may be related to the onset of autoimmunity disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/503087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,19]],"date-time":"2015-09-19T21:02:48Z","timestamp":1442696568000},"page":"1-12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Attenuated Live Yellow Fever Virus 17D Infects the Thymus and Induces Thymic Transcriptional Modifications of Immunomodulatory Genes in C57BL\/6 and BALB\/C Mice"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2015","author":[{"given":"Breno Luiz","family":"Melo-Lima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900 Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Commissariat \u00e0 l\u2019Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut des 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