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Adult\u2010onset asthma is more often associated with obesity, smoking, depression, or other life\u2010style or environmental factors, even though genetic factors and respiratory tract infections may also play a role in adult\u2010onset disease. Adult\u2010onset asthma is characterized by absence of atopy and is often severe requiring treatment with high dose of inhaled and\/or oral steroids. Variety of risk factors and nonatopic nature of adult\u2010onset disease suggest that variety of mechanisms is involved in the disease pathogenesis and that these mechanisms differ from the pathobiology of childhood\u2010onset asthma with prevailing Th2 airway inflammation. Recognition of the mechanisms and mediators that drive the adult\u2010onset disease helps to develop novel strategies for the treatment. The aim of this review was to summarize the current knowledge on the pathogenesis of adult\u2010onset asthma and to concentrate on the mechanisms and mediators involved in establishing adult\u2010onset asthma in response to specific risk factors. We also discuss the involvement of these mechanisms in the currently recognized phenotypes of adult\u2010onset asthma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/514868","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,12]],"date-time":"2015-10-12T19:15:34Z","timestamp":1444677334000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":136,"title":["Phenotypes, Risk Factors, and Mechanisms of Adult\u2010Onset Asthma"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2015","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8758-2431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pinja","family":"Ilmarinen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leena 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