{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,11]],"date-time":"2026-11-11T01:28:22Z","timestamp":1794360502129,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81271401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81271401"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U1032004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U1032004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"Joint Fund of National Nature Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["81271401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81271401"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"Joint Fund of National Nature Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["U1032004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U1032004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["81271401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81271401"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["U1032004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U1032004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Disease Markers"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background.<\/jats:italic>Differentiation among types of muscular dystrophy (MD) has remained challenging. In this retrospective study, we sought to develop a methodology for differentiation of MD types using analysis of serum enzyme profiles.<jats:italic>Methods.<\/jats:italic>The serum levels of enzymes from 232 patients, including 120 with DMD, 36 with BMD, 36 with FSHD, 46 with LGMD, and 11 with EDMD, were evaluated.<jats:italic>Results.<\/jats:italic>The characteristic profiles of serum enzymes facilitated differentiation of these five types of MD. DMD was characterized by simultaneous elevation of ALT, AST, LDH, and ALP; BMD and LGMD were characterized by elevation of ALT, AST, and LDH; and FSHD and EDMD were characterized by a lack of abnormal serum enzyme levels. We further developed discriminant functions to distinguish BMD and LGMD. For LGMD, LGMD2B patients had significantly higher ALP levels than non-LGMD2B patients (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mn>98<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>59<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>\u2009U\/L versus<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mn>45<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>9<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>\u2009U\/L, resp.,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>).<jats:italic>Conclusions.<\/jats:italic>Our approach enabled the determination of MD subtypes using serum enzyme profiles prior to genetic testing, which will increase the chance a mutation will be found in the first gene analyzed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/543282","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,29]],"date-time":"2015-04-29T21:04:13Z","timestamp":1430341453000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Serum Enzyme Profiles Differentiate Five Types of Muscular Dystrophy"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2015","author":[{"given":"Yuling","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huili","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiming","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Healthcare Clinic, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaqin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Langhui","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingxuan","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huaqiao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(12)61897-2"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/ejpn.2000.0309"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2009.02.007"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1754.2000.00456.x"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-200201000-00024"},{"issue":"3","key":"6","first-page":"270","volume":"82","year":"2000","journal-title":"Archives of Disease in Childhood"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wno.0000161657.98895.97"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-8652(200101)66:1lt;46::aid-ajh1007>3.0.co;2-o"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-3476(06)80126-5"},{"issue":"6","key":"10","first-page":"719","volume":"29","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annals of the Academy of Medicine Singapore"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/146532806x152872"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/0090-4481-20050701-09"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd003725.pub3"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410050203"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2009.11.047"},{"issue":"2","key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.7.2.185","volume":"7","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejm200004273421707"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(59)90175-5"},{"key":"19","first-page":"62","volume":"84","year":"1959","journal-title":"Transactions of the American Neurological Association"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-0929"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2011.11.016"},{"issue":"11","key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/24.11.1985","volume":"24","year":"1978","journal-title":"Clinical Chemistry"},{"issue":"3","key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/36.3.427","volume":"36","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clinical Chemistry"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410430303"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejm197511132932004"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00863770"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2006.09.009"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0028-3886.40964"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880100105"}],"container-title":["Disease Markers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/dm\/2015\/543282.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/dm\/2015\/543282.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/dm\/2015\/543282.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T14:45:49Z","timestamp":1598971549000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/dm\/2015\/543282\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"references-count":29,"alternative-id":["543282","543282"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2015\/543282","relation":{},"ISSN":["0278-0240","1875-8630"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0278-0240","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8630","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015]]}}}