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We determined (1) the expression of oxidative stress markers 3\u2010nitrotyrosine (3\u2010NT), reactive oxygen species (ROS)\/reactive nitrogen species (RNS), inflammatory modulators, neuropeptides calcitonin gene\u2010related peptide (CGRP), substance P (Sub P), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) that contribute to the inflammatory process in the urinary tract and (2) the functional role of oxidative stress in urinary bladder dysfunction with an antioxidant, Tempol, (1\u2009mM in drinking water) combined with conscious cystometry. In CYP\u2010treated (4\u2009hr or 48\u2009hr; 150\u2009mg\/kg, i.p.) rats, ROS\/RNS and 3\u2010NT significantly (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009 \u2264 \u20090.01) increased in urinary bladder. CYP treatment increased ATP, Sub P, and CGRP expression in the urinary bladder and cystometric fluid. In CYP\u2010treated rats, Tempol significantly (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009 \u2264 \u20090.01) increased bladder capacity and reduced voiding frequency compared to CYP\u2010treated rats without Tempol. Tempol significantly (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009 \u2264 \u20090.01) reduced ATP expression, 3\u2010NT, and ROS\/RNS expression in the urinary tract of CYP\u2010treated rats. These studies demonstrate that reducing oxidative stress in CYP\u2010induced cystitis improves urinary bladder function and reduces markers of oxidative stress and inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/545048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,20]],"date-time":"2015-04-20T21:03:55Z","timestamp":1429563835000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["The Effects of Tempol on Cyclophosphamide\u2010Induced Oxidative Stress in Rat Micturition Reflexes"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2015","author":[{"given":"Eric 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