{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T14:25:58Z","timestamp":1740147958201,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Witwatersrand","award":["FSS 11-104255"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FSS 11-104255"]}]},{"name":"The Danish Council for Independent Research, Medical Sciences","award":["FSS 11-104255"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FSS 11-104255"]}]},{"name":"Novo Nordic Foundation","award":["FSS 11-104255"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FSS 11-104255"]}]},{"name":"University of Aarhus Research Foundation","award":["FSS 11-104255"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FSS 11-104255"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FSS 11-104255"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FSS 11-104255"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Daloon Foundation","award":["FSS 11-104255"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FSS 11-104255"]}]},{"name":"Danish Biotechnology Program","award":["FSS 11-104255"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FSS 11-104255"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009584","name":"Toyota Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FSS 11-104255"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FSS 11-104255"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009584","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>An automated approach for tracking individual nephrons through three-dimensional histological image sets of mouse and rat kidneys is presented. In a previous study, the available images were tracked manually through the image sets in order to explore renal microarchitecture. The purpose of the current research is to reduce the time and effort required to manually trace nephrons by creating an automated, intelligent system as a standard tool for such datasets. The algorithm is robust enough to isolate closely packed nephrons and track their convoluted paths despite a number of nonideal, interfering conditions such as local image distortions, artefacts, and interstitial tissue interference. The system comprises image preprocessing, feature extraction, and a custom graph-based tracking algorithm, which is validated by a rule base and a machine learning algorithm. A study of a selection of automatically tracked nephrons, when compared with manual tracking, yields a 95% tracking accuracy for structures in the cortex, while those in the medulla have lower accuracy due to narrower diameter and higher density. Limited manual intervention is introduced to improve tracking, enabling full nephron paths to be obtained with an average of 17 manual corrections per mouse nephron and 58 manual corrections per rat nephron.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/545809","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,15]],"date-time":"2015-06-15T17:03:04Z","timestamp":1434387784000},"page":"1-13","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Towards Automated Three-Dimensional Tracking of Nephrons through Stacked Histological Image Sets"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2015","author":[{"given":"Charita","family":"Bhikha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Research Group, School of Electrical & Information Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa"}]},{"given":"Arne","family":"Andreasen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark"}]},{"given":"Erik I.","family":"Christensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark"}]},{"given":"Robyn F. R.","family":"Letts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Research Group, School of Electrical & Information Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Pantanowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Research Group, School of Electrical & Information Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa"}]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Rubin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Research Group, School of Electrical & Information Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa"}]},{"given":"Jesper S.","family":"Thomsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Yue","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00249.2009"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00231.2007"},{"issue":"1","key":"3","first-page":"F38","volume":"286","year":"2004","journal-title":"The American Journal of Physiology: Renal Physiology"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/bf00337120"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00456.2012"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0070898"},{"issue":"1","key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2005080796","volume":"17","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society of Nephrology"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00522.2013"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2009.2014545"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/4233.767088"},{"issue":"30","key":"13","volume":"8","year":"2012","journal-title":"European Scientific Journal"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-011-1843-8"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micron.2014.10.002"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4754(95)00046-1"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-011-9780-4"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nima.2006.08.134"},{"year":"2012","key":"21"},{"year":"2005","series-title":"The Urinary System","key":"22"},{"volume-title":"Urinary system","year":"2014","key":"23"},{"year":"2006","key":"24"},{"volume-title":"Center-based clustering algorithms","year":"2007","series-title":"ASA-SIAM Series on Statistics and Applied Probability","key":"26"},{"year":"2000","key":"27"},{"year":"1982","key":"28"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0262-8856(03)00137-9"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nima.2006.08.134"}],"container-title":["Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cmmm\/2015\/545809.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cmmm\/2015\/545809.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cmmm\/2015\/545809.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,26]],"date-time":"2019-08-26T21:06:25Z","timestamp":1566853585000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/cmmm\/2015\/545809\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"references-count":25,"alternative-id":["545809","545809"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2015\/545809","relation":{},"ISSN":["1748-670X","1748-6718"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1748-670X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1748-6718"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015]]}}}